Magalimoto a LiDAR Background
Kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2020, dzikolo lidapereka mfundo zingapo zofananira, zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri 'magalimoto olumikizidwa anzeru'ndi'magalimoto odziyimira pawokha'.Kumayambiriro kwa 2020, Nation idapereka mapulani awiri: Intelligent Vehicle Innovation and Development Strategy ndi Automobile Driving Automation Classification, kuti afotokozere bwino za momwe angayendetsere komanso chitukuko chamtsogolo cha kuyendetsa galimoto modziyimira pawokha.
Yole Development, kampani yowunikira padziko lonse lapansi, idasindikiza lipoti lofufuza zamakampani lokhudzana ndi 'Lidar for Automotive and Industrial Applications', idati msika wa lidar m'munda wa Magalimoto ukhoza kufika $ 5.7 biliyoni pofika 2026, akuyembekezeka kuti pawiri pachaka. chiwonjezeko chikhoza kuwonjezeka kufika pa 21% pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi.
Kodi Automotive LiDAR ndi chiyani?
LiDAR, lalifupi la Light Detection and Ranging, ndi ukadaulo wosinthika womwe wasintha makampani amagalimoto, makamaka pamagalimoto odziyimira pawokha.Imagwira ntchito potulutsa kuwala - nthawi zambiri kuchokera pa laser - kupita komwe mukufuna ndikuyesa nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti kuwala kubwererenso ku sensa.Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mamapu atsatanetsatane azithunzi zitatu za chilengedwe chozungulira galimotoyo.
Makina a LiDAR amadziwika chifukwa cha kulondola kwawo komanso kutha kuzindikira zinthu molondola kwambiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuyendetsa galimoto.Mosiyana ndi makamera omwe amadalira kuwala kowonekera ndipo amatha kuvutika pansi pazifukwa zina monga kuwala kochepa kapena kuwala kwa dzuwa, LiDAR masensa amapereka deta yodalirika mu kuwala kosiyanasiyana ndi nyengo.Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa LiDAR kuyeza mtunda molondola kumalola kuti zinthu ziwoneke, kukula kwake, komanso kuthamanga kwake, komwe kuli kofunikira pakuyendetsa zochitika zovuta zoyendetsa.
Tchati cha LiDAR Working Principle Flow
Mapulogalamu a LiDAR mu Automation:
Ukadaulo wa LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) pakampani yamagalimoto umayang'ana kwambiri kulimbikitsa chitetezo chagalimoto komanso kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo woyendetsa galimoto.Tekinoloji yake yayikulu,Nthawi Yonyamuka (ToF), imagwira ntchito potulutsa ma pulse a laser ndikuwerengera nthawi yomwe imatengera kuti ma pulse awa awonekere kuchokera ku zopinga.Njirayi imapanga chidziwitso cholondola kwambiri cha "point cloud", chomwe chimatha kupanga mamapu atsatanetsatane azithunzi zitatu za chilengedwe mozungulira galimotoyo molondola kwambiri pamlingo wa centimita, ndikupangitsa kuti magalimoto azitha kuzindikira malo olondola kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa LiDAR pagawo lamagalimoto kumakhazikika kwambiri m'magawo awa:
Autonomous Driving Systems:LiDAR ndi imodzi mwamakina ofunikira kuti mukwaniritse mayendedwe apamwamba kwambiri oyendetsa galimoto.Imazindikira bwino malo ozungulira galimotoyo, kuphatikiza magalimoto ena, oyenda pansi, zikwangwani zamsewu, ndi mikhalidwe yamisewu, motero zimathandiza makina oyendetsa pawokha popanga zisankho mwachangu komanso zolondola.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS):M'malo othandizira oyendetsa, LiDAR imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chamagalimoto, kuphatikiza kuwongolera kuyenda kwapaulendo, mabuleki mwadzidzidzi, kuzindikira oyenda pansi, ndi ntchito zopewera zopinga.
Kuyenda Pagalimoto ndi Kayimidwe:Mamapu olondola kwambiri a 3D opangidwa ndi LiDAR amatha kupititsa patsogolo kulondola kwamagalimoto, makamaka m'matauni momwe zizindikiro za GPS zimakhala zochepa.
Kuyang'anira ndi Kuwongolera Magalimoto:LiDAR itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powunika ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamsewu, kuthandizira njira zamagalimoto zamatawuni pakuwongolera ma siginecha ndikuchepetsa kuchulukana.
Kwa zomverera zakutali, kufufuza zinthu, Zodzichitira ndi DTS, ndi zina.
Mukufuna Kufunsira Kwaulere?
Zomwe Zikuyenda Pagalimoto LiDAR
1. LiDAR Miniaturization
Malingaliro apakampani yamagalimoto amavomereza kuti magalimoto odziyimira pawokha sayenera kusiyana ndi magalimoto wamba kuti apitilize kuyendetsa bwino komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwa ndege.Kawonedwe kameneka kalimbikitsa kachitidwe ka miniaturizing LiDAR.Tsogolo labwino ndikuti LiDAR ikhale yaying'ono mokwanira kuti iphatikizidwe mosasunthika m'thupi lagalimoto.Izi zikutanthawuza kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa magawo ozungulira, kusintha komwe kumagwirizana ndi kusuntha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mafakitale kuchoka kuzinthu zamakono zamakono kupita ku mayankho a LiDAR a boma.Solid-state LiDAR, yopanda magawo osuntha, imapereka yankho lokhazikika, lodalirika, komanso lolimba lomwe limagwirizana bwino ndi zokometsera komanso zogwira ntchito zamagalimoto amakono.
2. Mayankho a LiDAR Ophatikizidwa
Pamene matekinoloje oyendetsa galimoto apita patsogolo m'zaka zaposachedwa, opanga ena a LiDAR ayamba kuyanjana ndi ogulitsa zida zamagalimoto kuti apange mayankho omwe amaphatikiza LiDAR m'magawo agalimoto, monga magetsi akutsogolo.Kuphatikizikaku sikumangobisa makina a LiDAR, kusunga kukongola kwagalimoto, komanso kumathandizira kuyika kwanzeru kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a LiDAR.Kwa magalimoto onyamula anthu, ntchito zina za Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) zimafuna LiDAR kuti iziyang'ana pamakona enaake m'malo mopereka mawonekedwe a 360 °.Komabe, pamilingo yayikulu yodziyimira pawokha, monga Level 4, kulingalira zachitetezo kumafunikira gawo lopingasa la 360 °.Izi zikuyembekezeka kutsogolera masinthidwe amitundu yambiri omwe amatsimikizira kufalikira kwathunthu kuzungulira galimotoyo.
3.Kuchepetsa Mtengo
Pamene luso la LiDAR likukhwima ndi kupanga masikelo, ndalama zikuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuphatikiza makinawa m'magalimoto ambiri, kuphatikizapo mitundu yapakati.Demokalase iyi yaukadaulo wa LiDAR ikuyembekezeka kufulumizitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwachitetezo chapamwamba komanso zoyendetsa pawokha pamsika wamagalimoto.
Ma LIDAR pamsika masiku ano nthawi zambiri amakhala 905nm ndi 1550nm/1535nm LIDAR, koma malinga ndi mtengo, 905nm ili ndi mwayi.
905nm LiDAR: Kawirikawiri, machitidwe a 905nm LiDAR ndi otsika mtengo chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi njira zopangira zokhwima zogwirizana ndi kutalika kwake.Ubwino wamtengo uwu umapangitsa 905nm LiDAR kukhala yowoneka bwino pamapulogalamu omwe chitetezo chamaso ndi maso sizofunikira kwambiri.
1550/1535nm LiDAR: Zigawo za machitidwe a 1550 / 1535nm, monga lasers ndi detectors, zimakhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa chakuti teknolojiyi ndi yochepa kwambiri ndipo zigawo zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.Komabe, zopindulitsa pazachitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito zitha kulungamitsa kukwera mtengo kwazinthu zina, makamaka pakuyendetsa pawokha komwe kuzindikirika kwautali ndi chitetezo ndikofunikira.
[Ulalo:Werengani zambiri za kufananitsa pakati pa 905nm ndi 1550nm / 1535nm LiDAR]
4. Kuwonjezeka kwa Chitetezo ndi Kupititsa patsogolo ADAS
Ukadaulo wa LiDAR umathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), kupatsa magalimoto omwe ali ndi luso lojambula bwino la chilengedwe.Kulondola kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti chitetezo chikhale bwino monga kupewa kugundana, kuzindikira anthu oyenda pansi, komanso kuwongolera maulendo apanyanja, kupangitsa kuti makampaniwa ayandikira kwambiri kuti athe kuyendetsa galimoto modziyimira pawokha.
FAQs
M'magalimoto, masensa a LIDAR amatulutsa mpweya wopepuka womwe umadumphira pa zinthu ndikubwerera ku sensa.Nthawi yomwe imatengera kuti ma pulse abwerere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mtunda wa zinthu.Izi zimathandiza kupanga tsatanetsatane wa mapu a 3D a malo ozungulira galimotoyo.
Makina amtundu wa LIDAR amagalimoto amakhala ndi laser yotulutsa ma pulses, scanner ndi optics kuwongolera ma pulses, chojambula chojambula kuti chijambule kuwala kowonekera, ndi gawo lokonzekera kuti liwunike zambiri ndikupanga chiwonetsero cha 3D cha chilengedwe.
Inde, LIDAR imatha kuzindikira zinthu zomwe zikuyenda.Poyesa kusintha kwa zinthu pakapita nthawi, LIDAR imatha kuwerengera liwiro lawo ndi momwe zimayendera.
LIDAR imaphatikizidwa m'makina otetezera magalimoto kuti apititse patsogolo zinthu monga kuwongolera maulendo oyenda, kupewa kugundana, komanso kuzindikira kwa oyenda pansi popereka miyeso yolondola komanso yodalirika ya mtunda ndi kuzindikira zinthu.
Zomwe zikuchitikabe muukadaulo wamagalimoto a LIDAR zikuphatikiza kuchepetsa kukula ndi mtengo wa machitidwe a LIDAR, kukulitsa mawonekedwe awo ndikusintha kwawo, ndikuphatikiza mopanda malire pamapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito agalimoto.
[ulalo:Zofunikira za LIDAR Laser]
A 1.5μm pulsed fiber laser ndi mtundu wa laser gwero lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina agalimoto a LIDAR omwe amatulutsa kuwala pamlingo wa 1.5 micrometers (μm).Imapanga kuwala kwachidule kwa infrared komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mtunda podutsa zinthu ndikubwerera ku sensa ya LIDAR.
Kutalika kwa 1.5μm kumagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa kumapereka bwino pakati pa chitetezo cha maso ndi kulowa mumlengalenga.Ma laser omwe ali mu kutalika kwa mafundewa sangawononge maso a anthu kuposa omwe amatuluka patali lalifupi ndipo amatha kuchita bwino nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Ngakhale ma lasers a 1.5μm amachita bwino kuposa kuwala kowoneka mu chifunga ndi mvula, kuthekera kwawo kolowera zopinga za mumlengalenga kumakhalabe kochepa.Kugwira ntchito munthawi yovuta nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwabwino kuposa ma laser amfupi a kutalika kwa mafunde koma osagwira ntchito ngati njira zazitali za kutalika kwa mafunde.
Ngakhale ma 1.5μm pulsed fiber lasers poyambilira atha kuonjezera mtengo wa machitidwe a LIDAR chifukwa chaukadaulo wawo wapamwamba, kupita patsogolo pakupanga ndi kuchuluka kwachuma kukuyembekezeka kuchepetsa ndalama pakapita nthawi.Ubwino wawo pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo zimawonedwa ngati zolungamitsira ndalamazo.Kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe otetezedwa omwe amaperekedwa ndi 1.5μm pulsed fiber lasers amawapangitsa kukhala ndalama zopindulitsa pamakina agalimoto a LIDAR..