Mbiri ya LiDAR ya Magalimoto
Kuyambira mu 2015 mpaka 2020, dzikolo linapereka mfundo zingapo zokhudzana ndi izi, zomwe zikuyang'ana kwambiri pa 'magalimoto olumikizidwa mwanzeru'ndi'magalimoto odziyimira pawokhaKumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2020, Dziko linapereka mapulani awiri: Ndondomeko Yanzeru Yopanga ndi Kukonza Magalimoto ndi Kugawa Magalimoto Oyendetsa Magalimoto, kuti afotokoze bwino momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zinthu zidzayendere mtsogolo pakukula kwa magalimoto oyendetsa okha.
Kampani yopereka upangiri padziko lonse lapansi ya Yole Development, yomwe idasindikiza lipoti lofufuza zamakampani lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi 'Lidar for Automotive and Industrial Applications', idati msika wa lidar m'munda wa Magalimoto ukhoza kufika pa madola 5.7 biliyoni aku US pofika chaka cha 2026, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa pachaka kwa makampaniwa kungakulire mpaka 21% m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi.
Kodi Automotive LiDAR ndi chiyani?
LiDAR, chidule cha Light Detection and Ranging, ndi ukadaulo wosintha kwambiri womwe wasintha makampani opanga magalimoto, makamaka m'magalimoto odziyimira pawokha. Imagwira ntchito potulutsa kuwala—nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku laser—kupita ku cholinga ndikuyesa nthawi yomwe kuwalako kumabweranso ku sensa. Deta iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mamapu atsatanetsatane a malo ozungulira galimotoyo.
Makina a LiDAR amadziwika kuti ndi olondola komanso amatha kuzindikira zinthu molondola kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chida chofunikira kwambiri poyendetsa galimoto yokha. Mosiyana ndi makamera omwe amadalira kuwala kooneka ndipo amatha kuvutika ndi zinthu zina monga kuwala kochepa kapena kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji, masensa a LiDAR amapereka deta yodalirika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwala ndi nyengo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa LiDAR kuyeza mtunda molondola kumalola kuzindikira zinthu, kukula kwake, komanso liwiro lake, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri poyendetsa zinthu zovuta.
Tchati cha Mayendedwe a Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito ya LiDAR
Mapulogalamu a LiDAR mu Automation:
Ukadaulo wa LiDAR (Kuzindikira ndi Kuyang'ana Kuwala) mumakampani opanga magalimoto umayang'ana kwambiri pakukweza chitetezo choyendetsa galimoto ndikupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo woyendetsa galimoto wodziyendetsa wokha. Ukadaulo wake waukulu,Nthawi Yoyendera Ndege (ToF), imagwira ntchito potulutsa ma laser pulses ndikuwerengera nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti ma pulses awa awonekere kuchokera ku zopinga. Njirayi imapanga deta yolondola kwambiri ya "point cloud", yomwe ingapangitse mamapu atsatanetsatane a malo ozungulira galimotoyo molondola kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magalimoto azizindikira malo molondola kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa LiDAR m'magawo a magalimoto kumayang'ana kwambiri m'magawo otsatirawa:
Machitidwe Oyendetsa Odziyimira Pawokha:LiDAR ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zoyendetsera galimoto yanu mokha. Imazindikira bwino malo ozungulira galimoto yanu, kuphatikizapo magalimoto ena, oyenda pansi, zizindikiro za pamsewu, ndi momwe zinthu zilili pamsewu, motero imathandiza makina oyendetsa galimoto yanu kupanga zisankho mwachangu komanso molondola.
Machitidwe Othandizira Oyendetsa Madalaivala Apamwamba (ADAS):Pankhani yothandizira madalaivala, LiDAR imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zinthu zotetezera magalimoto, kuphatikizapo kuwongolera kayendedwe ka sitima, kuletsa mabuleki mwadzidzidzi, kuzindikira oyenda pansi, ndi ntchito zopewera zopinga.
Kuyenda ndi Kuyika Magalimoto:Mamapu a 3D olondola kwambiri opangidwa ndi LiDAR angathandize kwambiri kulondola kwa malo oimika magalimoto, makamaka m'mizinda komwe zizindikiro za GPS zili zochepa.
Kuyang'anira ndi Kuyang'anira Magalimoto:LiDAR ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira ndi kusanthula kayendedwe ka magalimoto, kuthandiza machitidwe a magalimoto mumzinda kukonza bwino kuwongolera zizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa magalimoto.
Kwa Remote sensing, rangefinding, Automation ndi DTS, ndi zina zotero.
Mukufuna Kufunsira Kwaulere?
Zochitika Zokhudza Magalimoto a LiDAR
1. Kuchepetsa kwa LiDAR
Malingaliro akale a makampani opanga magalimoto amati magalimoto odziyendetsa okha sayenera kusiyana ndi magalimoto wamba kuti asunge chisangalalo choyendetsa komanso kuti aerodynamics ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino. Malingaliro awa apangitsa kuti machitidwe a LiDAR aziyenda pang'onopang'ono. Cholinga chamtsogolo ndichakuti LiDAR ikhale yaying'ono mokwanira kuti iphatikizidwe bwino m'thupi la galimotoyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa ziwalo zozungulira zamakanika, kusintha komwe kukugwirizana ndi kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa makampani kuchoka ku mapangidwe a laser omwe alipo kupita ku mayankho a LiDAR olimba. LiDAR yolimba, yopanda ziwalo zoyenda, imapereka yankho laling'ono, lodalirika, komanso lolimba lomwe likugwirizana bwino ndi zofunikira zokongola komanso zogwira ntchito zamagalimoto amakono.
2. Mayankho Ophatikizidwa a LiDAR
Popeza ukadaulo woyendetsa galimoto wodziyendetsa wokha wapita patsogolo m'zaka zaposachedwa, opanga ena a LiDAR ayamba kugwirizana ndi ogulitsa zida zamagalimoto kuti apange mayankho omwe amaphatikiza LiDAR m'zigawo za galimoto, monga magetsi amagetsi. Kuphatikiza kumeneku sikuti kumangobisa machitidwe a LiDAR, kusunga kukongola kwa galimotoyo, komanso kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera bwino kuti LiDAR iwonetse bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito ake. Pa magalimoto onyamula anthu, ntchito zina za Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) zimafuna kuti LiDAR iyang'ane pa ngodya zinazake m'malo mopereka mawonekedwe a 360°. Komabe, pamlingo wapamwamba wodziyimira pawokha, monga Level 4, kuganizira zachitetezo kumafuna mawonekedwe a 360°. Izi zikuyembekezeka kutsogolera ku makonzedwe a mfundo zambiri zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti galimotoyo ikuphimbidwa mokwanira.
3.Kuchepetsa Mtengo
Pamene ukadaulo wa LiDAR ukukulirakulira komanso kupanga zinthu kukukula, ndalama zikuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuphatikiza makinawa m'magalimoto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo magalimoto apakatikati. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ukadaulo wa LiDAR uku kukuyembekezeka kufulumizitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zodzitetezera komanso zoyendetsera magalimoto okha pamsika wamagalimoto.
Ma LIDAR omwe ali pamsika masiku ano ndi a 905nm ndi 1550nm/1535nm, koma pankhani ya mtengo, 905nm ili ndi ubwino.
· 905nm LiDARKawirikawiri, makina a 905nm LiDAR ndi otsika mtengo chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zinthu zambiri komanso njira zopangira zamakono zogwirizana ndi kutalika kwa nthawi imeneyi. Kupindula kwa mtengo kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti 905nm LiDAR ikhale yokongola kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pomwe chitetezo cha maso ndi malo ogwirira ntchito sizili zofunika kwambiri.
· 1550/1535nm LiDAR: Zigawo za makina a 1550/1535nm, monga ma laser ndi zozindikira, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula kwambiri, chifukwa ukadaulowu sufalikira kwambiri ndipo zigawo zake ndi zovuta kwambiri. Komabe, ubwino pankhani ya chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito ungapangitse kuti pakhale mtengo wokwera pa ntchito zina, makamaka poyendetsa galimoto yokha komwe kuzindikira ndi chitetezo chakutali ndikofunikira kwambiri.
[Ulalo:Werengani Zambiri Zokhudza Kuyerekeza Pakati pa 905nm ndi 1550nm/1535nm LiDAR]
4. Chitetezo Chowonjezereka ndi ADAS Yowonjezereka
Ukadaulo wa LiDAR umathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), zomwe zimapatsa magalimoto maluso olondola owunikira malo ozungulira. Kulondola kumeneku kumawongolera zinthu zachitetezo monga kupewa kugundana, kuzindikira oyenda pansi, komanso kuwongolera kayendedwe ka sitima, zomwe zimakankhira makampaniwa pafupi kuti akwaniritse kuyendetsa galimoto yodziyimira payokha.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Mu magalimoto, masensa a LIDAR amatulutsa kuwala komwe kumagunda zinthu ndikubwerera ku sensa. Nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti masensa abwerere imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mtunda wa zinthu. Izi zimathandiza kupanga mapu atsatanetsatane a 3D a malo ozungulira galimotoyo.
Dongosolo la LIDAR la magalimoto limakhala ndi laser yotulutsa kuwala, scanner ndi optics yowongolera kuwala, photodetector yojambulira kuwala komwe kumawonekera, ndi chipangizo chowunikira deta ndikupanga mawonekedwe a 3D a chilengedwe.
Inde, LIDAR imatha kuzindikira zinthu zoyenda. Poyesa kusintha kwa malo a zinthu pakapita nthawi, LIDAR imatha kuwerengera liwiro lawo ndi njira yawo.
LIDAR imaphatikizidwa mu machitidwe achitetezo cha magalimoto kuti iwonjezere zinthu monga kuyendetsa bwino kayendedwe ka sitima, kupewa kugundana, komanso kuzindikira oyenda pansi popereka miyeso yolondola komanso yodalirika ya mtunda komanso kuzindikira zinthu.
Zomwe zikuchitika muukadaulo wa LIDAR wamagalimoto zikuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kukula ndi mtengo wa makina a LIDAR, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwawo ndi mphamvu zawo, ndikuziphatikiza bwino kwambiri mu kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a magalimoto.
[ulalo:Magawo Ofunika a LIDAR Laser]
Laser ya pulsed fiber ya 1.5μm ndi mtundu wa gwero la laser lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina a LIDAR agalimoto omwe amatulutsa kuwala pa kutalika kwa ma micrometer 1.5 (μm). Imapanga ma pulses afupiafupi a kuwala kwa infrared komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mtunda mwa kudumpha kuchokera ku zinthu ndikubwerera ku sensa ya LIDAR.
Kutalika kwa 1.5μm kumagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa kumapereka mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa chitetezo cha maso ndi kulowa mumlengalenga. Ma laser omwe ali mumtundu uwu wa kutalika kwa mlengalenga sangayambitse mavuto ambiri m'maso mwa anthu kuposa omwe amatulutsa kuwala kwa mlengalenga kwafupi ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito bwino m'nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Ngakhale kuti ma laser a 1.5μm amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa kuwala kooneka mu chifunga ndi mvula, kuthekera kwawo kulowa mu zopinga zamlengalenga kumakhala kochepa. Kuchita bwino mu nyengo yoipa nthawi zambiri kumakhala bwino kuposa ma laser afupiafupi a wavelength koma sikugwira ntchito bwino ngati njira zazitali za wavelength.
Ngakhale kuti ma laser a pulsed fiber a 1.5μm poyamba angawonjezere mtengo wa makina a LIDAR chifukwa cha ukadaulo wawo wapamwamba, kupita patsogolo pakupanga ndi kutsika kwachuma kukuyembekezeka kuchepetsa ndalama pakapita nthawi. Ubwino wawo pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo umawoneka ngati chifukwa chotsimikizira ndalama zomwe zayikidwa. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso chitetezo chowonjezereka chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi ma laser a pulsed fiber a 1.5μm chimapangitsa kuti akhale ndalama zopindulitsa pamakina a LIDAR a magalimoto..