Nkhani - Mfundo Yoyambira ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito TOF (Nthawi Yoyenda) System

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Mndandanda uwu cholinga chake ndi kupatsa owerenga kumvetsetsa mozama komanso pang'onopang'ono kwa dongosolo la Time of Flight (TOF). Zomwe zili mkati mwake zikufotokoza mwachidule za machitidwe a TOF, kuphatikizapo kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kwa TOF yosalunjika (iTOF) ndi TOF yolunjika (dTOF). Magawo awa akufotokozanso za magawo a dongosolo, ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, ndi ma algorithms osiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikufotokozanso za zigawo zosiyanasiyana za machitidwe a TOF, monga Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), ma lens otumizira ndi olandirira, masensa olandirira monga CIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, ndi ma driver circuits ngati ASICs.

Chiyambi cha TOF (Nthawi Yoyenda Ndege)

Mfundo Zoyambira

TOF, yomwe ikuyimira Nthawi Youluka, ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mtunda powerengera nthawi yomwe kuwala kumayenda mtunda winawake mu sing'anga. Mfundo imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu zochitika za TOF zowoneka bwino ndipo ndi yosavuta. Njirayi imaphatikizapo gwero la kuwala lomwe limatulutsa kuwala, ndi nthawi yotulutsa yomwe yalembedwa. Kenako kuwala kumeneku kumawunikira kuchokera pa chandamale, kumagwidwa ndi wolandila, ndipo nthawi yolandirira imawonedwa. Kusiyana kwa nthawi izi, komwe kumatchulidwa kuti t, kumatsimikiza mtunda (d = liwiro la kuwala (c) × t / 2).

Mitundu ya Zomverera za ToF

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya masensa a ToF: optical ndi electromagnetic. Masensa a Optical ToF, omwe amapezeka kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito ma pulse opepuka, nthawi zambiri omwe ali mu infrared range, poyesa mtunda. Ma pulse awa amatuluka kuchokera ku sensa, amawunikira chinthu, ndikubwerera ku sensa, komwe nthawi yoyendera imayesedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mtunda. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, masensa a electromagnetic ToF amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a electromagnetic, monga radar kapena lidar, poyesa mtunda. Amagwira ntchito mofanana koma amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana yoyezera mtunda.muyeso wa mtunda.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Sensors a ToF

Masensa a ToF ndi osinthasintha ndipo aphatikizidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana:

Maloboti:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zopinga ndi kuyenda. Mwachitsanzo, maloboti monga Roomba ndi Boston Dynamics' Atlas amagwiritsa ntchito makamera a ToF depth kuti amange malo ozungulira ndikukonzekera mayendedwe.

Machitidwe a Chitetezo:Masensa oyenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira anthu olowa m'malo, kuyambitsa ma alarm, kapena kuyambitsa makamera.

Makampani Ogulitsa Magalimoto:Ikuphatikizidwa mu makina othandizira oyendetsa magalimoto kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto komanso kupewa ngozi, zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira m'magalimoto atsopano.

Munda WachipatalaAmagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kujambula ndi kuzindikira zinthu zosavulaza, monga optical coherence tomography (OCT), kupanga zithunzi za minofu zapamwamba kwambiri.

Zamagetsi Zamagetsi Zamagetsi: Yophatikizidwa mu mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi, ndi ma laputopu kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu monga kuzindikira nkhope, kutsimikizira kwa biometric, ndi kuzindikira manja.

Ma drone:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda panyanja, kupewa ngozi, komanso pothana ndi mavuto achinsinsi komanso oyendetsa ndege

Kapangidwe ka TOF System

Dongosolo la TOF lodziwika bwino limakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika kuti muyeze mtunda monga momwe tafotokozera:

· Chotumiza (Tx):Izi zikuphatikizapo gwero la kuwala kwa laser, makamakaVCSEL, chowongolera cha ASIC choyendetsera laser, ndi zida zowunikira zowongolera kuwala monga magalasi ozungulira kapena zinthu zowunikira zotulutsa kuwala, ndi zosefera.
· Wolandila (Rx):Izi zimakhala ndi magalasi ndi zosefera kumapeto olandirira, masensa monga CIS, SPAD, kapena SiPM kutengera dongosolo la TOF, ndi Image Signal Processor (ISP) yogwiritsira ntchito deta yambiri kuchokera ku chip yolandirira.
·Kuyang'anira Mphamvu:Kusamalira kholaKuwongolera kwamakono kwa ma VCSEL ndi magetsi okwera a SPAD ndikofunikira kwambiri, kumafuna kuyang'anira bwino mphamvu.
· Gawo la Mapulogalamu:Izi zikuphatikizapo firmware, SDK, OS, ndi gawo la pulogalamu.

Kapangidwe kake kamasonyeza momwe kuwala kwa laser, kochokera ku VCSEL ndikusinthidwa ndi zigawo za kuwala, kumayendera mumlengalenga, kuwunikira chinthu, ndikubwerera ku wolandila. Kuwerengera nthawi yodutsa munjira iyi kumavumbula zambiri zakutali kapena kuya. Komabe, kapangidwe kameneka sikaphimba njira za phokoso, monga phokoso lochokera ku dzuwa kapena phokoso la njira zambiri kuchokera ku kuwala, zomwe zidzakambidwa pambuyo pake mu mndandandawu.

Kugawa kwa TOF Systems

Makina a TOF amagawidwa makamaka ndi njira zawo zoyezera mtunda: TOF yolunjika (dTOF) ndi TOF yosalunjika (iTOF), iliyonse ili ndi njira zosiyana za hardware ndi algorithmic. Mndandandawu poyamba umafotokoza mfundo zawo asanafufuze kufananiza kwa ubwino wawo, zovuta, ndi magawo a dongosolo.

Ngakhale kuti mfundo ya TOF ndi yosavuta - kutulutsa kuwala kwa pulse ndi kuzindikira kubwerera kwake kuti muwerengere mtunda - zovuta zili pakusiyanitsa kuwala kobwerera ndi kuwala kozungulira. Izi zimathetsedwa potulutsa kuwala kokwanira kuti mupeze chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha chizindikiro-ku-phokoso ndikusankha mafunde oyenera kuti muchepetse kusokoneza kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe. Njira ina ndikuyika chizindikiro cha kuwala komwe kutulutsidwa kuti chiwonekere chosiyana ndi kubwerera, mofanana ndi zizindikiro za SOS ndi tochi.

Mndandandawu ukupitiliza kuyerekeza dTOF ndi iTOF, kukambirana kusiyana kwawo, ubwino wawo, ndi zovuta zawo mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo umaphatikizanso magulu a TOF kutengera kuuma kwa chidziwitso chomwe amapereka, kuyambira 1D TOF mpaka 3D TOF.

dTOF

Direct TOF imayesa mwachindunji nthawi ya ndege ya photon. Gawo lake lofunika kwambiri, Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), ndi lothandiza kwambiri kuzindikira ma photon amodzi. dTOF imagwiritsa ntchito Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) kuti iyesere nthawi ya kufika kwa ma photon, ndikupanga histogram kuti ipeze mtunda wotheka kwambiri kutengera kuchuluka kwa kusiyana kwa nthawi inayake.

iTOF

TOF yosalunjika imawerengera nthawi youluka kutengera kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa ma waveforms otulutsidwa ndi olandiridwa, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito ma wave opitilira kapena ma pulse modulation signals. iTOF imatha kugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga za sensa yazithunzi, kuyeza mphamvu ya kuwala pakapita nthawi.

iTOF imagawidwanso m'magawo awiri: continuous wave modulation (CW-iTOF) ndi pulse modulation (Pulsed-iTOF). CW-iTOF imayesa kusintha kwa gawo pakati pa mafunde otulutsidwa ndi olandiridwa a sinusoidal, pomwe Pulsed-iTOF imawerengera kusintha kwa gawo pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za mafunde a sikweya.

Kuwerenga Kwina:

Wikipedia. (nd). Nthawi yoyendera ndege. Yatengedwa kuchokera kuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_flight
Gulu la Sony Semiconductor Solutions. (nd). ToF (Nthawi Yoyenda) | Ukadaulo Wofala wa Zosewerera Zithunzi. Zochokera kuhttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
Microsoft. (2021, February 4). Chiyambi cha Microsoft Time Of Flight (ToF) - Azure Depth Platform. Yatengedwa kuchokerahttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
ESCATEC. (2023, Marichi 2). Masensa a Nthawi Youluka (TOF): Chidule Chakuya ndi Mapulogalamu. Yachokera kuhttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications

Kuchokera patsamba lawebusayitihttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/

ndi wolemba: Chao Guang

Chodzikanira:

Apa tikulengeza kuti zithunzi zina zomwe zawonetsedwa patsamba lathu zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pa intaneti ndi Wikipedia, ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa maphunziro ndi kugawana chidziwitso. Timalemekeza ufulu wa anthu onse opanga zinthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzizi sicholinga chofuna kupeza phindu la malonda.

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