Nkhani - Mfundo Yoyambira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito TOF(Nthawi Yowuluka) System

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Zotsatizanazi cholinga chake ndi kupereka owerenga kumvetsetsa mozama komanso patsogolo pa dongosolo la Time of Flight (TOF). Zomwe zili mkatizi zikuwunikira mwachidule machitidwe a TOF, kuphatikiza mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane a TOF (iTOF) ndi Direct TOF (dTOF). Magawowa amayang'ana magawo adongosolo, zabwino ndi zovuta zake, komanso ma algorithms osiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikuwunikiranso magawo osiyanasiyana a machitidwe a TOF, monga Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), ma lens opatsirana ndi olandirira, kulandira masensa monga CIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, ndi maulendo oyendetsa ngati ASIC.

Chiyambi cha TOF (Nthawi Yonyamuka)

Mfundo Zoyambira

TOF, kuimira Time of Flight, ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza mtunda powerengera nthawi yomwe imatengera kuti kuwala kuyende mtunda wina wake mu sing'anga. Mfundoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazithunzi za TOF ndipo ndizolunjika. Njirayi imaphatikizapo gwero la kuwala komwe kumatulutsa kuwala, ndi nthawi yotulutsa kuwala. Kuwala uku kumawonetsa chandamale, kumatengedwa ndi wolandila, ndipo nthawi yolandira imazindikiridwa. Kusiyana kwa nthawizi, komwe kumadziwika kuti t, kumatsimikizira mtunda (d = liwiro la kuwala (c) × t / 2).

Mitundu ya ToF Sensors

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya masensa a ToF: optical ndi electromagnetic. Masensa a Optical ToF, omwe ndi ofala kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito ma pulses a kuwala, nthawi zambiri pamtundu wa infrared, poyeza mtunda. Ma pulse awa amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku sensa, amawonetsa chinthu, ndikubwerera ku sensa, kumene nthawi yoyendayenda imayesedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mtunda. Mosiyana ndi izi, masensa amagetsi a ToF amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a electromagnetic, ngati radar kapena lidar, kuyeza mtunda. Amagwira ntchito mofananamo koma amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyanamtunda muyeso.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ToF Sensors

Masensa a ToF ndi osinthika ndipo aphatikizidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana:

Maloboti:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zopinga ndikuyenda. Mwachitsanzo, maloboti ngati Roomba ndi Boston Dynamics 'Atlas amagwiritsa ntchito makamera akuya a ToF pojambula malo omwe amakhala komanso kukonzekera mayendedwe.

Security Systems:Zosemphana zodziwika zoyenda pozindikira omwe akulowa, kuyambitsa ma alarm, kapena kuyambitsa makina a kamera.

Makampani Agalimoto:Kuphatikizidwa m'makina othandizira oyendetsa oyendetsa maulendo osinthika komanso kupewa kugundana, kuchulukirachulukira mumitundu yatsopano yamagalimoto.

Medical Field: Ogwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi zosasokoneza komanso zowunikira, monga optical coherence tomography (OCT), kupanga zithunzi zowoneka bwino kwambiri.

Consumer Electronics: Zophatikizidwa mu mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi, ndi ma laputopu pazinthu monga kuzindikira nkhope, kutsimikizika kwa biometric, ndi kuzindikira kwa manja.

Ma Drone:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda, kupewa kugundana, komanso kuthana ndi zinsinsi komanso nkhawa za ndege.

TOF System Architecture

Dongosolo la TOF lodziwika bwino lili ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika kuti mukwaniritse muyeso wa mtunda monga momwe tafotokozera:

· Transmitter (Tx):Izi zikuphatikiza gwero la kuwala kwa laser, makamaka aZithunzi za VCSEL, dalaivala dera ASIC kuyendetsa laser, ndi kuwala zigawo zikuluzikulu zowongolera mtengo monga collimating magalasi kapena diffractive kuwala zinthu, ndi Zosefera.
· Wolandila (Rx):Izi zimakhala ndi ma lens ndi zosefera pamapeto olandira, masensa monga CIS, SPAD, kapena SiPM malinga ndi dongosolo la TOF, ndi Image Signal Processor (ISP) pokonza deta yambiri kuchokera ku chipangizo cholandira.
·Kuwongolera Mphamvu:Kuwongolera kokhazikikakuwongolera kwapano kwa ma VCSEL ndi ma voliyumu apamwamba a ma SPAD ndikofunikira, kumafuna kuwongolera mphamvu kwamphamvu.
· Gulu la Mapulogalamu:Izi zikuphatikiza firmware, SDK, OS, ndi gawo la pulogalamu.

Zomangamanga zikuwonetsa momwe mtengo wa laser, wochokera ku VCSEL ndikusinthidwa ndi zigawo za kuwala, umayenda kudutsa mlengalenga, ukuwonetsera chinthu, ndikubwerera kwa wolandira. Kuwerengera kwanthawi yayitali munjira iyi kumawonetsa mtunda kapena kuzama kwa chidziwitso. Komabe, kamangidwe kameneka sikamaphimba njira zaphokoso, monga phokoso lopangidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena phokoso lanjira zambiri lochokera ku ziwonetsero, zomwe zidzakambidwe pambuyo pake pamndandanda.

Gulu la TOF Systems

Machitidwe a TOF amagawidwa makamaka ndi njira zawo zoyezera mtunda: molunjika TOF (dTOF) ndi TOF (iTOF), iliyonse ili ndi hardware yosiyana ndi njira za algorithmic. Zotsatizanazi poyamba zimafotokoza mfundo zawo zisanayambe kuwunika mofananiza za ubwino wawo, zovuta zawo, ndi magawo a dongosolo.

Ngakhale mfundo yowoneka ngati yosavuta ya TOF - kutulutsa kugunda kwamphamvu ndikuzindikira kubwerera kwake kuti iwerengere mtunda - zovuta zagona pakusiyanitsa kuwala kobwerera kuchokera ku kuwala kozungulira. Izi zimayankhidwa ndi kutulutsa kuwala kokwanira kuti mukwaniritse chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha signal-to-noise ndikusankha mafunde oyenerera kuti muchepetse kusokonezeka kwa kuwala kwa chilengedwe. Njira ina ndikuyika nyali yotulutsa kuti izindikirike pobwerera, yofanana ndi ma sign a SOS okhala ndi tochi.

Zotsatizanazi zikupitilira kuyerekeza dTOF ndi iTOF, kukambirana za kusiyana kwawo, zabwino zake, ndi zovuta zawo mwatsatanetsatane, ndikuyikanso m'magulu a TOF kutengera zovuta za chidziwitso chomwe amapereka, kuyambira 1D TOF mpaka 3D TOF.

dTOF

Direct TOF imayesa mwachindunji nthawi yowuluka ya photon. Chigawo chake chachikulu, Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), ndi tcheru mokwanira kuti chizindikire ma photon amodzi. dTOF imagwiritsa ntchito Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) kuti iyeze nthawi yomwe photon imafika, kupanga histogram kuti izindikire mtunda womwe ungakhale wothekera kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwanthawi yayitali kwa kusiyana kwa nthawi.

iTOF

Indirect TOF imawerengera nthawi yowuluka kutengera kusiyana kwa mafunde omwe atulutsidwa ndi omwe alandilidwa, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde osalekeza kapena ma pulse modulation sign. iTOF imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe amtundu wa sensor sensor, kuyeza kukula kwa kuwala pakapita nthawi.

iTOF imagawidwanso kukhala mosalekeza modulation (CW-iTOF) ndi pulse modulation (Pulsed-iTOF). CW-iTOF imayesa kusintha kwa gawo pakati pa mafunde otulutsidwa ndi olandiridwa ndi sinusoidal, pomwe Pulsed-iTOF imawerengera kusintha kwa gawo pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a square wave.

Kuwerenganso:

Wikipedia. (ndi). Nthawi yothawa. Zabwezedwa kuchokerahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_flight
Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. (ndi). ToF (Nthawi Yonyamuka) | Ukadaulo Wamodzi Wamasensa a Zithunzi. Zabwezedwa kuchokerahttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
Microsoft. (2021, February 4). Intro to Microsoft Time Of Flight (ToF) - Azure Depth Platform. Zabwezedwa kuchokerahttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
ESCATEC. (2023, Marichi 2). Masensa a Nthawi ya Ndege (TOF): Ndemanga Yakuya ndi Mapulogalamu. Zabwezedwa kuchokerahttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications

Kuchokera patsambahttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/

Wolemba: Chao Guang

Chodzikanira:

Apa tikulengeza kuti zithunzi zina zomwe zikuwonetsedwa patsamba lathu zatengedwa kuchokera pa intaneti ndi Wikipedia, ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa maphunziro ndi kugawana zambiri. Timalemekeza ufulu wazinthu zaluntha wa opanga onse. Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzizi sikungofuna kupindula ndi malonda.

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