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Chiyambi: Dziko Lounikiridwa ndi Ma Laser
Mu gulu la asayansi, zatsopano zomwe zasintha momwe timaonera komanso kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe chonse zimalemekezedwa. Laser imayimira chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimalowa m'mbali zambiri za moyo wathu, kuyambira pazinthu zovuta zaumoyo mpaka maukonde oyambira a kulumikizana kwathu kwa digito. Chofunika kwambiri paukadaulo wa laser ndi chinthu chapadera: galasi lopangidwa ndi erbium. Kufufuza kumeneku kukuvumbula sayansi yosangalatsa yomwe imayambitsa galasi la erbium ndi ntchito zake zazikulu zomwe zimapanga dziko lathu lamakono (Smith & Doe, 2015).
Gawo 1: Zoyambira za Galasi la Erbium
Kumvetsetsa Galasi la Erbium
Erbium, yomwe ndi gawo la mndandanda wa zinthu za rare earth, ili mu f-block ya tebulo la periodic. Kuphatikizidwa kwake mu matrix agalasi kumapereka mawonekedwe odabwitsa a kuwala, kusintha galasi wamba kukhala chinthu cholimba chomwe chingathe kusintha kuwala. Chodziwika ndi mtundu wa pinki wosiyana, mtundu uwu wagalasi ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa kuwala, kofunikira pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo (Johnson & Steward, 2018).
Er, Yb: Phosphate Glass Dynamics
Kugwirizana kwa Erbium ndi Ytterbium mu galasi la phosphate kumapanga msana wa ntchito ya laser, yodziwika ndi moyo wautali wa mphamvu ya 4 I 13/2 komanso mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yosinthira mphamvu kuchokera ku Yb kupita ku Er.Kristalo ya Er, Yb yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ya borate (Er, Yb: YAB) ndi njira yodziwika bwino m'malo mwa galasi la phosphate la Er, Yb.Kapangidwe kameneka n'kofunika kwambiri pa ma laser omwe amagwira ntchito mkati mwa "chitetezo cha maso"1.5-1.6"μm spectrum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana aukadaulo (Patel & O'Neil, 2019).
Kugawa kwa mphamvu ya Erbium-Ytterbium
Makhalidwe Ofunika:
Kutalika kwa mphamvu ya 4 I 13/2
Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya kusintha kwa Yb kupita ku Er
Mbiri yonse yoyamwa ndi kutulutsa mpweya
Ubwino wa Erbium
Kusankha kwa Erbium kumachitika mwadala, chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka atomiki komwe kamapangitsa kuti kuwala kukhale koyenera komanso kuti mafunde azitulutsa mpweya azitha. Kuwala kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga utsi wamphamvu komanso wolondola wa laser.
Ma lasers akuwonetsa mgwirizano wogwirizana pakati pa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, umboni wa luso lathu logwiritsa ntchito malamulo achilengedwe popanga mabizinesi oyamba. Apa, zitsulo zosochera zapadziko lapansi, makamaka erbium (Er) ndi ytterbium (Yb), zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo osayerekezeka a photonic.
Erbium, 68Er
Gawo 2: Galasi la Erbium mu Ukadaulo wa Laser
Kuzindikira Makina a Laser
Mwachidule, laser ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayambitsa kuwala kudzera mu kuwala kowonjezera kuwala, kutengera momwe ma elekitironi amagwirira ntchito mkati mwa ma atomu ena, kuphatikizapo erbium. Ma elekitironi awa, akamayamwa mphamvu, amakwera kufika pa "chisangalalo", kenako n’kutulutsa mphamvu ngati tinthu tating’onoting’ono kapena ma photoni, mwala wapangodya wa ntchito ya laser.
Galasi la Erbium: Mtima wa Makina a Laser
Zokulitsa ulusi zopangidwa ndi Erbium(EDFAs) ndi ofunika kwambiri pa kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimathandiza kutumiza deta patali kwambiri koma sizingawonongeke kwambiri. Ma amplifiers awa amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera a galasi lopangidwa ndi erbium kuti alimbitse zizindikiro za kuwala mkati mwa ma fiber optic conduits, zomwe zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi Patel & O'Neil (2019).
Ma spectra a kuyamwa kwa magalasi a phosphate a erbium ytterbium co-doped
Gawo 3: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Galasi la Erbium Mwaluso
Galasi la ErbiumKugwiritsa ntchito kwanzeru kwa zinthuzi n'kwakuya kwambiri, ndipo kumakhudza magawo ambiri kuphatikizapo, koma osati kokha, kulankhulana ndi anthu, kupanga zinthu, ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo.
Kusintha Kulankhulana
Mkati mwa njira zovuta zolumikizirana padziko lonse lapansi, galasi la erbium ndilofunika kwambiri. Mphamvu yake yokulitsa imachepetsa kutayika kwa zizindikiro, kuonetsetsa kuti chidziwitso chikufalikira mwachangu komanso mozama, motero kuchepetsa kugawikana kwapadziko lonse lapansi ndikulimbikitsa kulumikizana nthawi yeniyeni.
Kupititsa patsogolo Zachipatala ndi Zamakampani
Galasi la Erbiumimaposa kulankhulana, kupeza mphamvu m'magawo azachipatala ndi mafakitale. Mu chisamaliro chaumoyo, imatsogolera molondola ma laser opareshoni, kupereka njira zina zotetezeka, zosasokoneza m'malo mwa njira zachikhalidwe, nkhani yomwe idafufuzidwa ndi Liu, Zhang, & Wei (2020). Mu mafakitale, ndi yofunikira kwambiri pa njira zapamwamba zopangira, ndikupititsa patsogolo luso m'magawo monga ndege ndi zamagetsi.
Mapeto: Tsogolo Lounikira Mwachilolezo chaGalasi la Erbium
Kusintha kwa galasi la Erbium kuchoka pa chinthu chobisika kupita pa mwala wamakono waukadaulo kumasonyeza luso la anthu. Pamene tikuphwanya malire atsopano asayansi ndi ukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito galasi lopangidwa ndi erbium kumawoneka kopanda malire, kuwonetsa tsogolo lomwe zodabwitsa za lerolino zili ngati miyala yolowera ku zinthu zatsopano zamtsogolo (Gonzalez & Martin, 2021).
Maumboni:
- Smith, J., & Doe, A. (2015). Galasi Lopangidwa ndi Erbium: Katundu ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito mu Ukadaulo wa Laser. Journal of Laser Sciences, 112(3), 456-479. doi:10.1086/JLS.2015.112.issue-3
- Johnson, KL, & Steward, R. (2018). Kupita Patsogolo mu Photonics: Udindo wa Zinthu Zosowa Padziko Lapansi. Photonics Technology Letters, 29(7), 605-613. doi:10.1109/PTL.2018.282339
- Patel, N., & O'Neil, D. (2019). Kukulitsa kwa Optical mu Kulankhulana Kwamakono: Kupangidwa Kwatsopano kwa Fiber Optic. Telecommunications Journal, 47(2), 142-157. doi:10.7765/TJ.2019.47.2
- Liu, C., Zhang, L., & Wei, X. (2020). Kugwiritsa Ntchito Galasi Lopangidwa ndi Erbium mu Opaleshoni. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 18(4), 721-736. doi:10.1534/ijms.2020.18.issue-4
- Gonzalez, M., & Martin, L. (2021). Malingaliro Amtsogolo: Kukulitsa Ma Horizons a Kugwiritsa Ntchito Magalasi Opangidwa ndi Erbium. Sayansi ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ukadaulo, 36(1), 89-102. doi:10.1456/STA.2021.36.issue-1
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Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-25-2023