Laser Designator ndi chipangizo chapamwamba chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser kolimba kwambiri posonyeza cholinga. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu ankhondo, ofufuza malo, ndi mafakitale, ndipo chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono. Mwa kuunikira chandamale ndi kuwala kwa laser kolondola, opanga laser amalola zida zosiyanasiyana zowongoleredwa kutsatira ndikumenya molondola chandamale. M'machitidwe olondola amakono omenyera, kugwiritsa ntchito opanga laser kumawonjezera kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ankhondo komanso kulondola kwa magulu ankhondo. Pansipa pali mawu ofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane opanga laser.
1. Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito
Mfundo yaikulu yogwiritsira ntchito laser designator ndikutulutsa kuwala kwa laser komwe kumalunjika kwambiri pamalo omwe akufuna. Laser nthawi zambiri imakhala mu infrared wavelength, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isawonekere ndi maso, motero imakhalabe yobisika. Kuwala komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi laser designator kumazindikirika ndi masensa m'zida monga mabomba otsogozedwa ndi laser kapena ma missile. Masensawa amatha kuzindikira chizindikiro cha laser chowonetsedwa ndikuwongolera chida kupita komwe kuwalako kukagunda chandamale.
2. Zigawo Zazikulu
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa laser designator ndi izi:
- Laser Emitter: Gawoli limapanga kuwala kwa laser komwe kumawunikira kwambiri. Opanga laser nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mu kutalika kwa mafunde a near-infrared (NIR), pafupifupi ma nanometer 1064. Kutalika kwa mafunde kumeneku kumapereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yolowera ndi kuzindikira pamtunda wautali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugunda kutali.
- Dongosolo Lowala: Dongosololi limayang'ana kuwala kwa laser ndikusintha komwe likupita. Dongosololi limaonetsetsa kuti kuwala kwa laser kukufika bwino pamalo omwe mukufuna, kupewa kuwononga mphamvu komanso kusunga mphamvu ndi kuyang'ana bwino. Ma laser ena ali ndi makina owunikira osinthika, zomwe zimathandiza wogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kufalikira ndi mphamvu ya kuwala malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito.
- Dongosolo Losankha Malo: Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo zinthu zowoneka bwino, ma telesikopu, kapena zida zowunikira ndi laser. Machitidwewa amathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana bwino zinthu zomwe ziyenera kusankhidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala kwa laser kukuyang'ana pa cholinga. Zida zapamwamba zowunikira ndi laser zitha kuphatikiza machitidwe amagetsi okhazikika omwe amathandizira kugwedezeka kwa manja kapena kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha magalimoto oyenda, motero kumawongolera kulondola kwa malo.
- Mphamvu Yopereka Mphamvu: Mphamvu yopereka mphamvu yofunikira kwa wopanga laser. Akatswiri opanga laser nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire otha kubwezeretsedwanso kapena magwero amagetsi akunja. Moyo wa batri ndi chinthu chofunikira kuganizira, makamaka pa ntchito zazitali kapena njira zamphamvu kwambiri.
3. Mapulogalamu
Makina opangira laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo usilikali, kufufuza malo, ndi mafakitale:
- Ntchito Zankhondo: Zida zopangira laser zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pankhondo zamakono. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zolondola kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza ndege zankhondo, ma drone, ndi asilikali apansi kulemba zolinga za adani. Mabomba otsogozedwa ndi laser, zida zoponyera (monga mndandanda wa Paveway), ndi zipolopolo zimatha kulowa pa zolinga kudzera mu zizindikiro za laser zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi wopanga, zomwe zimathandiza kuwombera molondola pa zomangamanga zofunika za adani kapena zolinga zoyenda. Poyerekeza ndi zida zachikhalidwe, machitidwe olondola kwambiri ophatikizidwa ndi zida zopangira laser amawonjezera kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a kuwombera, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zina komanso kuvulala kwa anthu wamba.
- Kufufuza ndi Kuyika Malo: Mu ntchito za anthu wamba, opanga ma laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ndi kuika malo. Amatha kuyeza ndi kuyika malo pamtunda wautali, kuthandiza opanga ma laser kupeza malo enieni m'malo akuluakulu kapena ovuta. Opanga ma laser amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu makina a LiDAR (Kuzindikira Kuwala ndi Kusintha) kuti athandize kupanga mamapu olondola kwambiri a 3D topographic, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukonza mizinda, uinjiniya womanga, ndi kufufuza zinthu.
- Ntchito Zamakampani: Pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina, opanga ma laser amagwira ntchito ngati zida zolembera molondola, makamaka pamakina olondola kwambiri komanso njira zosonkhanitsira. Amatha kulemba malo kapena njira ya zigawo, kuonetsetsa kuti makina akutsatira njira yokonzedweratu. Kusakhudzana kwa opanga ma laser kumapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri popanga zinthu zotentha kwambiri kapena zothamanga kwambiri, monga kukonza zitsulo kapena kuphatikiza zida zamagetsi.
4. Ubwino
Opanga laser amapereka zabwino zingapo pakugwiritsa ntchito:
- Kulondola Kwambiri: Kulunjika kwa kuwala kwa laser komanso kuyang'ana kwambiri kumalola kugoba molondola kwambiri komanso kuyeza patali. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugoba kwankhondo komanso kukonza molondola kwa mafakitale.
- Yankho Lachangu: Opanga ma laser amatha kulemba zolinga nthawi yomweyo, ndi ntchito yosavuta komanso yankho lachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu komanso kuchitapo kanthu, makamaka m'malo ovuta kapena ovuta ankhondo.
- Kubisala: Popeza opanga laser nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a infrared, kuwala kwa laser sikuoneka ndi maso. Mphamvu yobisala imeneyi imaletsa malo a wogwiritsa ntchito kuti asawonekere panthawi ya ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha njira zotsutsana ndi adani.
5. Mavuto ndi Zolepheretsa
Ngakhale kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu ankhondo komanso anthu wamba, opanga laser amakumana ndi zovuta ndi zoletsa zina pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni:
- Zotsatira za Nyengo: Kugwira ntchito kwa kuwala kwa laser kungakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi nyengo. Pakakhala chifunga, mvula, kapena chipale chofewa, kuwala kwa laser kumatha kufalikira, kufooka, kapena kusuntha. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya wopanga poyesa kapena kugoletsa.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu: Makina opangira laser amafunika mphamvu zambiri kuti asunge mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa kuwala, makamaka panthawi yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kapena munjira yamphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, moyo wa batri umakhala chinthu choletsa ntchito za nthawi yayitali.
6. Mitundu Yofala
Opanga laser amatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kapangidwe kake:
- Ma Laser Designator Onyamulika: Awa ndi mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono komanso opepuka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali apansi. Akhoza kunyamulidwa m'manja kapena kuyikidwa pa zida zopepuka, zomwe zimapatsa asilikali akutsogolo luso lolemba zolinga zawo, makamaka pa ntchito zowombera kapena ntchito zazing'ono zankhondo.
- Zopangira Ma Laser Opangidwa ndi Airborne: Izi zimayikidwa pa ndege monga ndege zankhondo kapena ma drone ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polemba zolinga kuchokera pansi kupita pansi komanso kuukira. Zitha kulemba zolinga zapansi kuchokera pamwamba kwambiri ndikugwira ntchito ndi zida zowongoleredwa bwino kwambiri pakuukira kwakutali, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuukira mwanzeru kapena pothandizira pankhondo.
- Ma Laser Designators Oyikidwa pa Magalimoto/Sitima: Izi zimayikidwa pa zida zolemera monga magalimoto okhala ndi zida, matanki, kapena zombo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo zazikulu. Zimapereka chizindikiro cholondola cha chandamale ndi chithandizo chokhazikika pa zida zazikulu.
7. Zochitika Zachitukuko Zamtsogolo
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa laser, kukula ndi magwiridwe antchito a opanga ma laser akupitilira kukula. M'tsogolomu, opanga ma laser angaone kupita patsogolo kwakukulu m'magawo otsatirawa:
- Ntchito zambiri: Akatswiri opanga laser amtsogolo angaphatikizepo ntchito zina monga kupeza malo ndi kuzindikira zolinga, kupereka chithandizo chokwanira chogwirira ntchito ndikukweza magwiridwe antchito a asilikali ndi zida.
- Kuchepetsa ndi Kusunthika: Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, zida zopangira laser zidzakhala zopepuka komanso zazing'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa asilikali kunyamula ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu, motero zimawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa malo omenyera nkhondo.
- Mphamvu Zoletsa Kutsekeka: M'malo ankhondo amakono, opanga ma laser amakumana ndi chiopsezo cha kutsekeka kwa laser ndi njira zotsutsana ndi mdani. Opanga ma laser amtsogolo adzakhala ndi mphamvu zolimba zoletsa kutsekeka kuti atsimikizire kudalirika m'malo ovuta amagetsi.
Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri la ukadaulo wamakono wankhondo, opanga ma laser adzachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pazochitika zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikuthandizira kugunda kolondola komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma domain ambiri.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-14-2024