Kuvumbulutsa Kukaniza kwa Semiconductor: A Core Parameter for Performance Control

Mumagetsi amakono ndi ma optoelectronics, zida za semiconductor zimagwira ntchito yosasinthika. Kuchokera pa mafoni a m'manja ndi radar yamagalimoto mpaka ma lasers apamwamba, zida za semiconductor zili paliponse. Pakati pa magawo onse ofunikira, resistivity ndi imodzi mwama metric ofunikira kwambiri pakumvetsetsa ndikupanga magwiridwe antchito a zida za semiconductor.

1. Kodi Kukana N'chiyani?

Resistivity ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi komwe kumayesa momwe chinthu chimatsutsira mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe imawonetsedwa mu ohm-centimita (Ω·cm). Zimawonetsa "kukana" kwamkati komwe ma elekitironi amakumana nawo akamadutsa muzinthuzo. Zitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri, zotetezera zimakhala ndi resistivity kwambiri, ndipo ma semiconductors amagwera penapake pakati-ndi mwayi wowonjezera wa resistivity. Resistivity ρ=R*(L/A), komwe: R ndiko kukana kwamagetsi, A ndi gawo la magawo azinthu, L ndi kutalika kwa zinthu.

2. Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kukaniza kwa Semiconductor

Mosiyana ndi zitsulo, resistivity ya semiconductors si yokhazikika. Zimatengera zinthu zingapo zofunika:
① Mtundu Wazinthu: Zida zosiyanasiyana za semiconductor monga silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), ndi indium phosphide (InP) zili ndi zosiyana siyana zamtundu wa resistivity.
② Doping: Kubweretsa ma dopants (monga boron kapena phosphorous) pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuyika kumasintha ndende yonyamula, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukana.
③ Kutentha: Semiconductor resistivity imadalira kwambiri kutentha. Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, ndende yonyamula katundu imakwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya resistivity ikhale yochepa.
④ Maonekedwe a Crystal ndi Zowonongeka: Zolakwika mu mawonekedwe a kristalo-monga kusuntha kapena zolakwika-kutha kulepheretsa kuyenda kwa chonyamulira motero kumapangitsa kuti asasunthike.

3. Momwe Resistivity Imakhudzira Magwiridwe a Chipangizo

Muzogwiritsira ntchito, resistivity imakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, liwiro la kuyankha, ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo:

Mu ma diode a laser, kutsekemera kopitilira muyeso kumabweretsa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a kuwala ndi moyo wa chipangizocho.

Pazida za RF, kusinthika koyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa kumathandizira kufananitsa koyenera komanso kupititsa patsogolo ma siginecha.

Mu ma photodetectors, ma substivity high-resistivity nthawi zambiri amakhala ofunikira kuti akwaniritse magwiridwe antchito amdima.
Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe olondola ndi kuwongolera kwa resistivity ndikofunikira muukadaulo wa zida za semiconductor.

4. Mitundu Yambiri Yokaniza Pamafakitale (Matchulidwe Odziwika)

Kukaniza kwa Mtundu Wazinthu (Ω·cm)
Intrinsic Silicon (Si) ~ 2.3 × 10⁵
Silicon ya Doped (n-mtundu/p-mtundu) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (semi-insulating) ~ 10⁻³
Indium Phosphide (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²

5. Mapeto

Resistivity sizinthu zokhazokha zokhazokha-ndizofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa zipangizo za semiconductor. Ku Lumispot, timakhathamiritsa kupirira posankha zinthu, njira zolondola za doping, ndikuwongolera njira zowongolera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zathu zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso zokhazikika pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.

6. Za Ife

Lumispot imagwira ntchito popanga ndi kupanga ma lasers apamwamba kwambiri a semiconductor ndi zida za optoelectronic. Timamvetsetsa gawo lofunikira lomwe magawo azinthu monga resistivity amachita pakuchita kwazinthu. Lumikizanani nafe kuti mudziwe zambiri za kuwongolera kwa resistivity, zida za semiconductor makonda, ndi njira zamapangidwe a laser ogwirizana ndi zosowa zanu.