Kuwulula Kusakhazikika kwa Semiconductor: Gawo Lofunika Kwambiri la Kuwongolera Magwiridwe Antchito

Mu zamagetsi zamakono ndi zamagetsi, zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi zimakhala ndi gawo losasinthika. Kuyambira mafoni a m'manja ndi radar yamagalimoto mpaka ma laser apamwamba, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zili paliponse. Pakati pa magawo onse ofunikira, kukana ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakumvetsetsa ndikupanga magwiridwe antchito a zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi.

1. Kodi Kukana Kutha N'chiyani?

Kukana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu komwe kumayesa momwe chinthu chimatsutsirana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa mu ohm-centimeters (Ω·cm). Imasonyeza "kukana" kwamkati komwe ma elekitironi amakumana nako akamayenda mu chinthucho. Zitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kukana kochepa kwambiri, zotetezera zimakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo ma semiconductors amakhala pakati—ndi ubwino wowonjezera wa kukana kosinthika. Kukana ρ=R*(L/A), komwe: R ndi kukana kwamagetsi, A ndi dera lopingasa la chinthucho, L ndi kutalika kwa chinthucho.

2. Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kukana kwa Semiconductor

Mosiyana ndi zitsulo, mphamvu ya resistivity ya ma semiconductors si yokhazikika. Imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika:
① Mtundu wa Zinthu: Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za semiconductor monga silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), ndi indium phosphide (InP) zili ndi ma resistivity values ​​osiyanasiyana.
② Kugwiritsa Ntchito Dopants: Kuyika ma dopants (monga boron kapena phosphorous) pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwawo kumasintha kuchuluka kwa chonyamuliracho, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukana kwa mankhwala.
③ Kutentha: Kukana kwa semiconductor kumadalira kwambiri kutentha. Pamene kutentha kukukwera, kuchuluka kwa chonyamulira kumawonjezeka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti kukana kuchepe.
④ Kapangidwe ka Crystal ndi Zofooka: Zolakwika mu kapangidwe ka kristalo—monga kusokonekera kapena zolakwika—zingalepheretse kuyenda kwa chonyamuliracho motero zimakhudza kukana.

3. Momwe Kusakhazikika Kumakhudzira Kugwira Ntchito kwa Chipangizo

Mu ntchito zenizeni, kukana mphamvu kumakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, liwiro la kuyankha, komanso kukhazikika kwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo:

Mu ma diode a laser, kukana kwambiri kwa kuwala kumabweretsa kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a kuwala komanso nthawi ya chipangizocho.

Mu zipangizo za RF, kukana kokonzedwa bwino kumathandiza kuti pakhale kufananiza bwino kwa impedance komanso kutumiza bwino kwa chizindikiro.

Mu zida zowunikira zithunzi, zinthu zoteteza kuwala kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kuti magetsi azitha kugwira ntchito bwino.
Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kolondola ndi kuwongolera kukana kwa zinthu ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zida za semiconductor.

4. Mitundu Yachizolowezi Yosasinthika Yamakampani (Mitengo Yofotokozera)

Mtundu wa Zinthu Zofunika Kusasinthasintha (Ω·cm)
Silikoni Yamkati (Si) ~2.3 × 10⁵
Silikoni Yopangidwa ndi Doped (mtundu wa n/mtundu wa p) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (yoteteza pang'ono) ~ 10⁻³
Indium Phosphide (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²

5. Mapeto

Kukana sikungokhala chinthu chokhacho—ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa zida za semiconductor. Ku Lumispot, timakonza kukana pogwiritsa ntchito kusankha zinthu, njira zolondola zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kuwongolera bwino njira zogwirira ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti zipangizo zathu zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso mokhazikika pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

6. Zambiri Zokhudza Ife

Lumispot imagwira ntchito yokonza ndi kupanga ma laser a semiconductor opambana komanso zida zamagetsi. Timamvetsetsa udindo wofunikira womwe magawo azinthu monga resistivity amachita pakugwira ntchito kwazinthu. Lumispot imagwira ntchito kuti mudziwe zambiri za resistivity control, zida za semiconductor zomwe zasinthidwa, ndi njira zopangira laser zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zosowa zanu.