Laser rangefinders akhala zida zofunika kwambiri m'magawo kuyambira masewera ndi zomangamanga mpaka kafukufuku wankhondo ndi sayansi. Zipangizozi zimayezera mtunda wolondola kwambiri potulutsa ma pulse a laser ndikuwunika momwe akuwonera. Kuti mumvetsetse momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kugawa zigawo zawo zazikulu. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mbali zazikulu za laser rangefinder ndi maudindo awo popereka miyeso yolondola.
1. Laser Diode (Emitter)
Pamtima pa laser rangefinder iliyonse pali laser diode, yomwe imapanga kuwala kogwirizana komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza. Nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito pafupi ndi mawonekedwe a infrared (mwachitsanzo, 905 nm kapena 1550 nm wavelengths), diode imatulutsa kuwala kochepa, kolunjika. Kusankhidwa kwa kutalika kwa mafunde kumayendera chitetezo (kuteteza maso a anthu) komanso magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana achilengedwe. Ma diode apamwamba kwambiri amatsimikizira kulimba kwa mtengo, wofunikira pakulondola kwautali.
2. Optical Lens System
Dongosolo la ma lens a Optical limagwira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu:
- Kuphatikizika: Mtengo wa laser wotulutsidwa umafupikitsidwa ndikulumikizidwa mumtengo wofananira kuti muchepetse kubalalitsidwa patali.
- Kuyang'ana: Pakuwunikira komwe kumawonekera, magalasi amayika mafotoni amwazikana pa chowunikira.
Zofufuza zapamwamba zingaphatikizepo ma lens osinthika kapena kuthekera kokulitsa kuti agwirizane ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana omwe mukufuna kapena mtunda.
3. Photodetector (Wolandila)
Photodetector - nthawi zambiri avalanche photodiode (APD) kapena PIN diode - imagwira ma pulses a laser. Ma APD amawakonda pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha chidwi chawo komanso kuthekera kokulitsa ma siginecha ofooka. Kuti musefe kuwala kozungulira (mwachitsanzo, kuwala kwa dzuwa), zosefera za optical bandpass zimaphatikizidwa ndi cholandila, kuwonetsetsa kuti mafunde a laser okha ndi omwe azindikirika.
4. Nthawi Yakuthawa (ToF) Circuitry
Kuzungulira kwa nthawi yonyamuka ndi ubongo womwe uli kumbuyo kwa mawerengedwe a mtunda. Imayesa kuchedwa kwa nthawi pakati pa kugunda komwe kumatulutsa ndi kuwunikira komwe kwazindikirika. Popeza kuwala kumayenda pa liwiro lodziwika (~ 3 × 10⁸ m/s), mtunda umawerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo:
Zowerengera zothamanga kwambiri (zokhala ndi ma piccoseconds) ndizofunikira pakulondola kwamlingo wa mamilimita, makamaka pamapulogalamu apafupi.
5. Signal Processing Unit
Deta yaiwisi yochokera ku photodetector imakonzedwa ndi microcontroller kapena digito signal processor (DSP). Chigawochi chimasefa phokoso, chimakwaniritsa zinthu zachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwamlengalenga), ndikusintha miyeso ya nthawi kukhala yowerengera patali. Ma aligorivimu apamwamba amathanso kugwira ma echo angapo (mwachitsanzo, kunyalanyaza masamba poloza thunthu la mtengo).
6. Chiwonetsero ndi Mawonekedwe Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Ma rangefinder ambiri amakhala ndi chiwonetsero cha LCD kapena OLED kuwonetsa miyeso, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonjezedwa ndi mitundu monga kusintha kotsetsereka, kusanthula mosalekeza, kapena kulumikizidwa kwa Bluetooth pakudula deta. Zolowetsa ogwiritsa ntchito - mabatani, zowonera, kapena zoyimba mozungulira - zimalola kuti musinthe makonda pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito, monga kusewera gofu, kusaka, kapena kufufuza.
7. Kupereka Mphamvu
Batire yophatikizika yochangidwanso (mwachitsanzo, Li-ion) kapena ma cell otaya amayatsa chipangizocho. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwamphamvu ndikofunikira, makamaka pamamodeli am'manja omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panja. Ma rangefinder ena amaphatikiza njira zopulumutsira mphamvu kuti atalikitse moyo wa batri panthawi yomwe simukugwira ntchito.
8. Nyumba ndi kukwera Systems
Nyumbayi idapangidwa kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yokhazikika, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zida zosagwira madzi kapena zowopsa (ma IP ratings). Kuphatikiza ndi zida zina (mwachitsanzo, makamera, mfuti, kapena ma drones), zosankha zokwera ngati soketi za tripod kapena njanji za Picatinny zitha kuphatikizidwa.
Momwe Zonse Zimagwirira Ntchito Pamodzi
1. Laser diode imatulutsa kugunda kwa chandamale.
2. Dongosolo la kuwala limawongolera mtengo ndikusonkhanitsa zowunikira.
3. Photodetector imagwira chizindikiro chobwerera, chosefedwa kuchokera ku phokoso lozungulira.
4. Zozungulira za ToF zimawerengera nthawi yomwe yadutsa.
5. Purosesa imatembenuza nthawi kuti ipite kutali ndikuwonetsa zotsatira.
Mapeto
Kuchokera pakulondola kwa laser diode yake mpaka kusinthika kwa ma aligorivimu ake osinthira, gawo lililonse la laser rangefinder limagwira ntchito yofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kulondola komanso kudalirika. Kaya ndinu katswiri wa gofu kuweruza malo a putt kapena mainjiniya opanga mapu, kumvetsetsa zinthu izi kumathandizira kusankha chida choyenera pazosowa zanu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-18-2025