Zipangizo zofufuzira za laser zakhala zida zofunika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuyambira pamasewera ndi zomangamanga mpaka kafukufuku wankhondo ndi sayansi. Zipangizozi zimayesa mtunda molondola kwambiri potulutsa ma pulse a laser ndikusanthula kuwala kwawo. Kuti timvetse momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kugawa zigawo zake zazikulu. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza mbali zofunika kwambiri za chipangizo chofufuzira cha laser ndi ntchito zake popereka miyeso yolondola.
1. Laser Diode (Emitter)
Pakati pa laser rangefinder iliyonse pali laser diode, yomwe imapanga kuwala kogwirizana komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera. Kawirikawiri imagwira ntchito mu near-infrared spectrum (monga, 905 nm kapena 1550 nm wavelengths), diode imatulutsa kuwala kwaufupi, kolunjika. Kusankha wavelength kumalimbitsa chitetezo (kuteteza maso a anthu) ndi magwiridwe antchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Ma diode apamwamba kwambiri amatsimikizira mphamvu ya kuwala kofanana, kofunikira kwambiri kuti munthu azitha kulondola patali.
2. Dongosolo la Magalasi Owala
Dongosolo la lens la optical limagwira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu:
- Collimation: Mtambo wa laser wotulutsidwa umachepetsedwa ndikuyikidwa mu mtanda wofanana kuti muchepetse kufalikira patali.
- Kuyang'ana Kwambiri: Kuti kuwala kowonekera kubwerere, magalasi amaika ma photon omwazikana pa chowunikira.
Zipangizo zamakono zofufuzira zithunzi zingaphatikizepo magalasi osinthika kapena luso lokulitsa zithunzi kuti zigwirizane ndi kukula kapena mtunda wosiyanasiyana.
3. Chowunikira Zithunzi (Cholandirira)
Chowunikira kuwala kwa kuwala—nthawi zambiri chotchedwa avalanche photodiode (APD) kapena PIN diode—chimagwira ma pulse a laser omwe amawonetsedwa. Ma APD amakondedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito kutali chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zambiri komanso kuthekera kwawo kukulitsa ma signali ofooka. Kuti asefe kuwala kozungulira (monga kuwala kwa dzuwa), ma filter a optical bandpass amaphatikizidwa mu receiver, kuonetsetsa kuti kutalika kwa mafunde a laser okha ndi komwe kwadziwika.
4. Nthawi Yoyendera Ndege (ToF)
Dongosolo la nthawi yowuluka ndi ubongo womwe umayang'anira kuwerengera mtunda. Umayesa kuchedwa kwa nthawi pakati pa kugunda kwa mtima komwe kumatulutsa ndi kuwunikira komwe kwapezeka. Popeza kuwala kumayenda pa liwiro lodziwika bwino (~3×10⁸ m/s), mtunda umawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi:
Ma timers othamanga kwambiri (okhala ndi ma resolution mu ma picoseconds) ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kwa millimeter, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochepa.
5. Chigawo Chogwiritsira Ntchito Zizindikiro
Deta yosaphika kuchokera ku photodetector imakonzedwa ndi microcontroller kapena digital signal processor (DSP). Chipangizochi chimasefa phokoso, chimathandizira zinthu zachilengedwe (monga kuchepetsa mpweya), ndipo chimasintha kuyeza nthawi kukhala kuwerenga mtunda. Ma algorithm apamwamba amathanso kuthana ndi ma echo angapo (monga kunyalanyaza masamba akamayang'ana thunthu la mtengo).
6. Chiwonetsero ndi Chiyankhulo cha Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Zipangizo zambiri zofufuzira zinthu zimakhala ndi LCD kapena OLED kuti ziwonetse miyeso, nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa ndi njira monga kusintha kwa malo otsetsereka, kusanthula kosalekeza, kapena kulumikizana kwa Bluetooth kuti mulembe deta. Zolowetsa za ogwiritsa ntchito—mabatani, ma touchscreen, kapena ma rotary dials—zimalola kusintha momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, monga kusewera gofu, kusaka, kapena kufufuza malo.
7. Mphamvu Yopereka Mphamvu
Batire yocheperako yomwe ingadzazidwenso (monga Li-ion) kapena maselo otayidwa nthawi zina amayendetsa chipangizocho. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ndikofunikira kwambiri, makamaka pa mitundu ya m'manja yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito panja. Ma rangefinder ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosungira mphamvu kuti awonjezere moyo wa batri panthawi yogwira ntchito.
8. Nyumba ndi Makina Oyikira
Nyumbayi yapangidwa kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yokongola, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zinthu zosalowa madzi kapena zosagwedezeka (IP ratings). Kuti igwirizane ndi zida zina (monga makamera, mfuti, kapena ma drones), njira zoyikira monga ma tripod sockets kapena ma Picatinny rails zitha kuphatikizidwa.
Momwe Zonse Zimagwirira Ntchito Pamodzi
1. Laser diode imatulutsa kugunda kwa mtima kupita ku cholinga.
2. Dongosolo la kuwala limatsogolera kuwala ndi kusonkhanitsa kuwala.
3. Chowunikira zithunzi chimajambula chizindikiro chobwerera, chosefedwa kuchokera ku phokoso lozungulira.
4. Dongosolo la ToF limawerengera nthawi yomwe yatha.
5. Purosesa imasintha nthawi kukhala mtunda ndipo imasonyeza zotsatira zake.
Mapeto
Kuyambira kulondola kwa laser diode yake mpaka kusinthasintha kwa ma algorithms ake opangira, gawo lililonse la laser rangefinder limachita gawo lofunikira pakutsimikizira kulondola ndi kudalirika. Kaya ndinu wosewera gofu woweruza putt kapena mainjiniya wokonza mapu a malo, kumvetsetsa zinthu izi kumathandiza kusankha chida choyenera zosowa zanu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-18-2025