Ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo wa optoelectronic, ma lasers a semiconductor apeza ntchito zambiri m'magawo monga kulumikizana, zida zamankhwala, zoyambira za laser, kukonza mafakitale, ndi zamagetsi ogula. Pakatikati pa ukadaulo uwu pali mphambano ya PN, yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, osati kokha ngati magwero a mpweya komanso ngati maziko a chipangizocho. Nkhaniyi ikupereka chithunzithunzi chomveka bwino komanso chachidule cha kapangidwe kake, mfundo, ndi ntchito zazikulu za PN mphambano mu semiconductor lasers.
1. Kodi PN Junction ndi chiyani?
Kulumikizana kwa PN ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa pakati pa semiconductor yamtundu wa P ndi semiconductor yamtundu wa N:
P-mtundu wa semiconductor amapangidwa ndi zonyansa zovomerezeka, monga boron (B), zomwe zimapangitsa mabowo kukhala onyamula ambiri.
Semiconductor yamtundu wa N imakhala ndi zonyansa za opereka, monga phosphorous (P), kupanga ma elekitironi kukhala onyamulira ambiri.
Pamene zipangizo P-mtundu ndi N-mtundu anabweretsedwa kukhudzana, ma elekitironi ku N-chigawo diffus mu P-chigawo, ndi mabowo ku P-chigawo diffuse mu N-chigawo. Kufalikira kumeneku kumapanga chigawo chakuchepa komwe ma elekitironi ndi mabowo amalumikizananso, ndikusiya ma ion opangidwa ndi magetsi omwe amapanga gawo lamagetsi lamkati, lomwe limadziwika kuti chotchinga chomwe chingamangidwe.
2. Udindo wa PN Junction mu Lasers
(1) Jekeseni Wonyamula
Pamene laser ikugwira ntchito, mphambano ya PN imayang'ana kutsogolo: P-region imagwirizanitsidwa ndi magetsi abwino, ndipo N-region ndi magetsi oipa. Izi zimathetsa gawo lamagetsi lamkati, kulola kuti ma elekitironi ndi mabowo alowe m'dera lomwe likugwira ntchito pamphambano, kumene angagwirizanenso.
(2) Kutulutsa Kuwala: Chiyambi cha Kutulutsa Kokoka
M'dera logwira ntchito, ma elekitironi ojambulidwa ndi mabowo amaphatikizana ndikutulutsa mafotoni. Poyamba, njirayi imatuluka mwachisawawa, koma pamene mphamvu ya photon ikuwonjezeka, ma photon amatha kulimbikitsanso kugwirizana kwa electron-hole, kutulutsa ma photon owonjezera omwe ali ndi gawo lomwelo, chiwongolero, ndi mphamvu zomwezo - izi zimalimbikitsidwa.
Njirayi imapanga maziko a laser (Kukulitsa Kuwala ndi Kulimbikitsa Kutulutsa kwa Radiation).
(3) Gain and Resonant Cavities Form Laser Output
Kuti akweze kutulutsa kolimbikitsa, ma laser a semiconductor amaphatikiza ma resonant cavities mbali zonse za mphambano ya PN. Mu ma lasers otulutsa m'mphepete, mwachitsanzo, izi zitha kutheka pogwiritsa ntchito Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) kapena zokutira zamagalasi kuti ziwonetse kuwala mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Kukonzekera uku kumapangitsa kuti kuwala kwapadera kukwezedwe, ndipo pamapeto pake kumapangitsa kuti laser ikhale yogwirizana komanso yolunjika.
3. PN Junction Structures ndi Design Optimization
Kutengera mtundu wa laser semiconductor, mawonekedwe a PN amatha kusiyanasiyana:
Chigawo Chokhachokha (SH):
Chigawo cha P, N-region, ndi chigawo chogwira ntchito chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwezo. Chigawo chophatikizanso ndi chotakata komanso chochepa.
Magawo Awiri Awiri (DH):
Chigawo chocheperako chogwira ntchito chimakhala pakati pa zigawo za P- ndi N. Izi zimaphatikiza zonyamulira ndi ma photon, kuwongolera bwino kwambiri.
Quantum Well Kapangidwe:
Imagwiritsa ntchito wosanjikiza wowonda kwambiri kuti apange zomangira zochulukirapo, kuwongolera mawonekedwe komanso kuthamanga kwa mawu.
Mapangidwe awa onse adapangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu ya jakisoni wonyamula, kuphatikizika, komanso kutulutsa kuwala m'chigawo cha PN.
4. Mapeto
Kulumikizana kwa PN ndi "mtima" wa laser semiconductor. Kutha kwake kubaya zonyamula pansi pa tsankho lakutsogolo ndiye choyambitsa chachikulu cha kupanga laser. Kuchokera ku mapangidwe apangidwe ndi kusankha zinthu mpaka kuwongolera kwa photon, kachitidwe ka chipangizo chonse cha laser kumazungulira kukhathamiritsa mphambano ya PN.
Pamene matekinoloje a optoelectronic akupita patsogolo, kumvetsetsa mozama kwa PN junction physics sikungowonjezera ntchito ya laser komanso kumayala maziko olimba a chitukuko cha mbadwo wotsatira wa ma lasers amphamvu kwambiri, othamanga kwambiri, komanso otsika mtengo.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-28-2025