Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa optoelectronic, ma laser a semiconductor agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga kulumikizana kwa telefoni, zamankhwala, kukonza mafakitale, ndi LiDAR, chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwawo bwino, kukula kwake kochepa, komanso kusinthasintha kosavuta. Pakati pa ukadaulo uwu pali gain medium, yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Imagwira ntchito ngati“gwero la mphamvu"zomwe zimathandiza kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera mphamvu ndi kupanga laser, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti laser igwire bwino ntchito'magwiridwe antchito, kutalika kwa nthawi, ndi kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito.
1. Kodi Njira Yopezera Phindu Ndi Chiyani?
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, chowonjezera mphamvu ndi chinthu chomwe chimapereka mphamvu yowonjezera kuwala. Chikakhudzidwa ndi magwero akunja a mphamvu (monga jakisoni wamagetsi kapena kupompa kwa kuwala), chimakulitsa kuwala kwadzidzidzi kudzera mu njira yotulutsira mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutulutsa kwa laser.
Mu ma laser a semiconductor, njira yopezera mphamvu nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi dera logwira ntchito pa PN junction, lomwe kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake, ndi njira zake zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimakhudza mwachindunji magawo ofunikira monga threshold current, emission wavelength, efficiency, ndi makhalidwe a kutentha.
2. Zipangizo Zopindulitsa Kawirikawiri mu Semiconductor Lasers
Ma semiconductor a III-V omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
①GaAs (Gallium Arsenide)
Yoyenera kutulutsa ma laser mu 850–Mtundu wa 980 nm, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizirana ndi kuwala komanso kusindikiza kwa laser.
②InP (Indium Phosphide)
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa mpweya m'mabande a 1.3 µm ndi 1.55 µm, ofunikira kwambiri pa kulumikizana kwa fiber-optic.
③InGaAsP / AlGaAs / InGaN
Kapangidwe kawo kakhoza kusinthidwa kuti kakwaniritse mafunde osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maziko a mapangidwe a laser omwe amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mafunde.
Zipangizozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kapangidwe ka bandgap mwachindunji, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pokonzanso ma electron-hole ndi photon emission, zomwe ndi zabwino kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu semiconductor laser gain medium.
3. Kusintha kwa Kapangidwe ka Phindu
Pamene ukadaulo wopanga zinthu wapita patsogolo, mapangidwe a gein mu semiconductor lasers asintha kuchokera ku ma homojunctions oyambirira kupita ku ma heterojunctions, komanso kupita ku ma quantum well apamwamba ndi ma quantum dot configurations.
①Kupeza Pakati pa Heterojunction
Mwa kuphatikiza zipangizo za semiconductor ndi ma bandgaps osiyanasiyana, zonyamulira ndi ma photon zimatha kusungidwa bwino m'madera osankhidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yopezera mphamvu komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu yolowera.
②Kapangidwe ka Zitsime za Quantum
Mwa kuchepetsa makulidwe a dera logwira ntchito kufika pa sikelo ya nanometer, ma elekitironi amamangidwa m'magawo awiri, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ya radiative recombination. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma laser azikhala ndi ma current otsika komanso kutentha kukhale kolimba.
③Kapangidwe ka Quantum Dot
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodzipangira zokha, mapangidwe a nano-dimensional zero-dimensional amapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zigawike mwachangu. Mapangidwe awa amapereka mawonekedwe abwino komanso kukhazikika kwa mafunde, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale malo ofufuzira a lasers a semiconductor apamwamba a m'badwo wotsatira.
4. Kodi Kupeza Ndalama Kumatanthauza Chiyani?
①Kutalika kwa Mafunde Otulutsa Utsi
Kuchepa kwa zinthuzo kumatsimikiza laser's wavelength. Mwachitsanzo, InGaAs ndi yoyenera ma lasers omwe ali pafupi ndi infrared, pomwe InGaN imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma lasers abuluu kapena violet.
②Kuchita Bwino & Mphamvu
Kusuntha kwa zinthu zonyamula ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zobwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe sizimawotchedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa zimakhudza mphamvu ya kusintha kwa kuwala kukhala magetsi.
③Magwiridwe antchito a kutentha
Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimayankha kusintha kwa kutentha m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhudza kudalirika kwa laser m'malo opangira mafakitale ndi ankhondo.
④Kuyankha kwa Kusintha
Gain medium imakhudza laser'liwiro la yankho, lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zolumikizirana mwachangu.
5. Mapeto
Mu kapangidwe kovuta ka ma laser a semiconductor, njira yopezera phindu ndi "mtima" wake weniweni.—Sikuti imangoyambitsa laser yokha komanso imakhudza nthawi yake yonse, kukhazikika, komanso momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito. Kuyambira kusankha zinthu mpaka kapangidwe kake, kuyambira magwiridwe antchito a macroscopic mpaka makina ang'onoang'ono, kupita patsogolo kulikonse kwa njira yopezera phindu kukuyendetsa ukadaulo wa laser kuti ugwire bwino ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu, komanso kufufuza mozama.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza mu sayansi ya zinthu ndi ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zatsopano, njira yopezera phindu mtsogolo ikuyembekezeka kubweretsa kuwala kwakukulu, kufalikira kwa mafunde ambiri, komanso mayankho anzeru a laser.—kutsegula mwayi wochulukirapo wa sayansi, mafakitale, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-17-2025