Mfundo yoyambira yogwirira ntchito ya laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) imachokera pa zochitika za kutulutsa kwa kuwala kolimbikitsidwa. Kudzera mu mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe olondola, ma laser amapanga kuwala kogwirizana kwambiri, monochromaticity, ndi kuwala. Ma laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wamakono, kuphatikiza m'magawo monga kulumikizana, zamankhwala, kupanga, kuyeza, ndi kafukufuku wasayansi. Kuchita bwino kwawo kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe awo owongolera molondola zimapangitsa kuti akhale gawo lalikulu la ukadaulo wambiri. Pansipa pali kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kwa mfundo zogwirira ntchito za ma laser ndi njira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma laser.
1. Kutulutsa mpweya woipa
Utsi woyambitsaNdi mfundo yaikulu yopangira laser, yomwe idaperekedwa koyamba ndi Einstein mu 1917. Chochitikachi chikufotokoza momwe ma photon ogwirizana amapangira kudzera mu mgwirizano pakati pa kuwala ndi zinthu zomwe zimasangalatsidwa. Kuti timvetse bwino kutulutsa kolimbikitsidwa, tiyeni tiyambe ndi kutulutsa kodzidzimutsa:
Kutulutsa mpweya mwadzidzidzi: Mu ma atomu, mamolekyu, kapena tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, ma elekitironi amatha kuyamwa mphamvu zakunja (monga mphamvu zamagetsi kapena kuwala) ndikusintha kupita ku mphamvu yapamwamba, yotchedwa state yosangalatsidwa. Komabe, ma elekitironi okhala ndi state yosangalatsidwa ndi osakhazikika ndipo pamapeto pake amabwerera ku mphamvu yotsika, yotchedwa ground state, pakapita nthawi yochepa. Panthawiyi, elekitironi imatulutsa photon, yomwe ndi kutulutsa kwadzidzidzi. Ma photon oterewa ndi osasinthika malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma frequency, gawo, ndi komwe akupita, motero sakhala ndi mgwirizano.
Kutulutsa mpweya woipa: Chinsinsi cha kutulutsa mpweya wolimbikitsa ndichakuti pamene elekitironi ya excited-state ikumana ndi photon yokhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi mphamvu yake yosinthira, photon imatha kupangitsa elekitironi kubwerera ku nthaka pomwe imatulutsa photon yatsopano. Photon yatsopanoyo ndi yofanana ndi yoyambayo pankhani ya mafupipafupi, gawo, ndi njira yofalitsira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kukhale kogwirizana. Chochitikachi chimakulitsa kwambiri kuchuluka ndi mphamvu ya ma photon ndipo ndiye njira yayikulu ya ma laser.
Zotsatira Zabwino za Kutulutsa Utsi Wolimbikitsidwa: Pakupanga ma laser, njira yolimbikitsira kutulutsa kwa kuwala imabwerezedwa kangapo, ndipo zotsatira zabwinozi zimatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma photon. Mothandizidwa ndi malo ozungulira, mgwirizano wa ma photon umasungidwa, ndipo mphamvu ya kuwala imawonjezeka nthawi zonse.
2. Pezani Pakati
Thephindu lapakatiNdi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chili mu laser chomwe chimatsimikizira kukulitsa kwa ma photon ndi kutulutsa kwa laser. Ndi maziko enieni a kutulutsa kolimbikitsidwa, ndipo makhalidwe ake amatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ma frequency, kutalika kwa mafunde, ndi mphamvu yotulutsa ya laser. Mtundu ndi makhalidwe a gain medium zimakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a laser.
Njira Yosangalatsira: Ma electron omwe ali mu gain medium ayenera kusunthidwa kufika pamlingo wapamwamba wa mphamvu ndi gwero la mphamvu lakunja. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imachitika ndi machitidwe operekera mphamvu akunja. Njira zodziwika bwino zosunthika zimaphatikizapo:
Kupopa Magetsi: Kusangalatsa ma elekitironi omwe ali mu gain medium pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi.
Kupopera kwa Kuwala: Kusangalatsa cholumikizira ndi gwero la kuwala (monga nyali ya flash kapena laser ina).
Dongosolo la MphamvuMa electron omwe ali mu gain medium nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'milingo inayake ya mphamvu. Odziwika kwambiri ndi awamachitidwe a magawo awirindimachitidwe a magawo anayiMu dongosolo losavuta la magawo awiri, ma elekitironi amasamuka kuchoka pa mkhalidwe wa nthaka kupita ku mkhalidwe wosangalala kenako n’kubwerera ku mkhalidwe wa nthaka kudzera mu mpweya wolimbikitsa. Mu dongosolo la magawo anayi, ma elekitironi amadutsa kusintha kovuta kwambiri pakati pa milingo yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Gain Media:
Kupeza Mafuta PakatiMwachitsanzo, ma laser a helium-neon (He-Ne). Ma gas gain media amadziwika ndi mphamvu yawo yokhazikika komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yokhazikika, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati magwero wamba a kuwala m'ma laboratories.
Madzi Akupeza PakatiMwachitsanzo, ma laser opaka utoto. Mamolekyu a utoto ali ndi mphamvu zabwino zokoka mafunde osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pa ma laser osinthika.
Zopindulitsa ZolimbaMwachitsanzo, ma laser a Nd (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet). Ma laser amenewa ndi othandiza kwambiri komanso amphamvu, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula, kuwotcherera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'mafakitale.
Kupeza Pakati pa SemiconductorMwachitsanzo, zinthu za gallium arsenide (GaAs) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulankhulana ndi zida zamagetsi monga ma laser diode.
3. Mphepete mwa Resonator
Thethumba la resonatorndi gawo la kapangidwe ka laser lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mayankho ndi kukulitsa. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma photon opangidwa kudzera mu mpweya wolimbikitsidwa mwa kuwawunikira ndikuwonjezera mkati mwa dzenje, motero kupanga kutulutsa kwa laser kwamphamvu komanso kolunjika.
Kapangidwe ka Mphepete mwa Resonator: Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magalasi awiri ofanana. Limodzi ndi galasi lowala bwino, lodziwika kutigalasi lakumbuyo, ndipo linalo ndi galasi lowala pang'ono, lotchedwagalasi lotulutsaMa photoni amaonekera m'mbuyo ndi mtsogolo mkati mwa dzenje ndipo amakulitsidwa kudzera mu kulumikizana ndi cholumikizira cha gain.
Mkhalidwe wa Kumveka: Kapangidwe ka khola la resonator kayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina, monga kuonetsetsa kuti ma photon amapanga mafunde oyima mkati mwa khola. Izi zimafuna kuti kutalika kwa kholalo kukhale kochulukira kwa kutalika kwa mafunde a laser. Mafunde owala okha omwe amakwaniritsa izi ndi omwe angakulitsidwe bwino mkati mwa kholalo.
Mtanda WotulutsaGalasi lowala pang'ono limalola gawo la kuwala kowonjezereka kudutsa, ndikupanga kuwala kotulutsa kwa laser. Kuwala kumeneku kuli ndi mayendedwe apamwamba, mgwirizano, komanso monochromaticity.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri kapena mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za lasers, chonde musazengereze kulankhulana nafe:
Lumispot
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Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-18-2024