Lembetsani ku Social Media Yathu Kuti Mutumize Posachedwa
Ma laser, mwala wapangodya waukadaulo wamakono, ndi wosangalatsa monga momwe alili ovuta. Pamtima pawo pali zigawo zingapo zomwe zimagwira ntchito limodzi kuti zipange kuwala kogwirizana, kokwezeka. Bulogu iyi imafufuza zovuta za zigawozi, mothandizidwa ndi mfundo za sayansi ndi ma equation, kuti apereke kumvetsetsa kwakuya kwaukadaulo wa laser.
Kuzindikira Kwambiri Pazigawo za Laser System: Kawonedwe kaukadaulo kwa akatswiri
| Chigawo | Ntchito | Zitsanzo |
| Pezani Medium | The gain medium ndi zinthu zomwe zili mu laser zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokulitsa kuwala. Imathandizira kukulitsa kuwala kudzera mukusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kutulutsa mpweya. Kusankha kwa sing'anga yopeza kumatsimikizira mawonekedwe a radiation ya laser. | Ma laser olimba a State: mwachitsanzo, Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala ndi mafakitale.Gasi Laser: mwachitsanzo, ma lasers a CO2, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula ndi kuwotcherera.Semiconductor lasers:mwachitsanzo, ma laser diode, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi fiber Optics ndi zolozera laser. |
| Pompopompo Source | Gwero lopopera limapereka mphamvu ku sing'anga yopeza kuti ikwaniritse kusintha kwa anthu (gwero lamphamvu lakusintha kwa anthu), kupangitsa kuti laser igwire ntchito. | Kupopa kwa Optical: Kugwiritsa ntchito magwero owunikira kwambiri ngati nyali popopera ma laser olimba.Kupopa kwa Magetsi: Kusangalatsa gasi mu ma lasers a gasi kudzera pamagetsi.Kupopa kwa Semiconductor: Kugwiritsa ntchito ma diode a laser kupopera masing'anga olimba amtundu wa laser. |
| Optical Cavity | Mphuno ya kuwala, yomwe imakhala ndi magalasi awiri, imawonetsera kuwala kuonjezera kutalika kwa njira ya kuwala mu sing'anga yopeza, potero kumathandizira kukulitsa kuwala. Imapereka njira yowunikira pakukweza kwa laser, kusankha mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi mawonekedwe a kuwala. | Planar-Planar Cavity: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufuku wa labotale, kapangidwe kosavuta.Planar-Concave Cavity: Wamba mu lasers mafakitale, amapereka matabwa apamwamba. Ring Cavity: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe apadera a ma laser a mphete, monga ma laser a gasi a mphete. |
The Gain Medium: Nexus ya Quantum Mechanics ndi Optical Engineering
Quantum Dynamics mu Gain Medium
Kupeza sing'anga ndipamene njira yayikulu yakukulitsa kuwala kumachitika, chodabwitsa chokhazikika mu quantum mechanics. Kugwirizana pakati pa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti timayendetsedwa ndi mfundo za stimulated emission ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Ubale wovuta pakati pa mphamvu ya kuwala (I), mphamvu yoyamba (I0), kusintha kwa gawo (σ21), ndi manambala a tinthu pamagulu awiri a mphamvu (N2 ndi N1) akufotokozedwa ndi equation I = I0e ^ (σ21(N2-N1)L). Kupeza kuchuluka kwa anthu, pomwe N2> N1, ndikofunikira pakukulitsa ndipo ndimwala wapangodya wa laser physics[1].
Ma Level Atatu vs. Four-Level Systems
M'mapangidwe othandiza a laser, machitidwe a magawo atatu ndi anayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Machitidwe a magawo atatu, ngakhale kuti ndi osavuta, amafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu monga momwe laser yochepetsera ndi dziko lapansi. Machitidwe a magawo anayi, kumbali ina, amapereka njira yabwino kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo kusinthika kwa anthu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kosasunthika kofulumira kuchokera ku mlingo wapamwamba wa mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofala kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe amakono a laser[2].
Is Erbium-doped galasindi gain medium?
Inde, magalasi a erbium-doped ndi mtundu wa njira yopezera phindu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina a laser. M'nkhaniyi, "doping" imatanthawuza njira yowonjezerapo ma erbium ions (Er³⁺) ku galasi. Erbium ndi chinthu chapadziko lapansi chosowa kwambiri chomwe, chikaphatikizidwa m'gulu lagalasi, chimatha kukulitsa kuwala kudzera mu mpweya wabwino, njira yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito laser.
Magalasi a Erbium-doped ndi odziwika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ma fiber lasers ndi fiber amplifiers, makamaka m'makampani opanga matelefoni. Ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito izi chifukwa zimakulitsa bwino kuwala kwa mafunde ozungulira 1550 nm, yomwe ndi kutalika kofunikira kwa ma optical fiber communications chifukwa chakuchepa kwake mu ulusi wa silika wamba.
Theerbiumma ion amatenga kuwala kwa mpope (nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku alaser diode) ndipo amasangalala kumadera apamwamba amphamvu. Akabwerera ku mphamvu yochepa, amatulutsa ma photon pa lasing wavelength, zomwe zimathandiza kuti laser ipangidwe. Izi zimapangitsa galasi lopangidwa ndi erbium kukhala lothandiza komanso logwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma laser ndi amplifier.
Mabulogu Ogwirizana: Nkhani - Erbium-Doped Glass: Science & Applications
Njira Zopopera: Mphamvu Yoyendetsa Kumbuyo kwa Ma laser
Njira Zosiyanasiyana Zokwaniritsa Kusintha kwa Anthu
Kusankha kwa makina opopera ndikofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe a laser, kukhudza chilichonse kuyambira pakuchita bwino mpaka kutalika kwa mawonekedwe. Kupopa kwa kuwala, pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwakunja monga nyali kapena ma lasers ena, kumakhala kofala m'malo olimba komanso opaka utoto. Njira zotulutsira magetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalasi a gasi, pomwe ma semiconductor lasers nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa elekitironi. Kuchita bwino kwa makina opopera awa, makamaka ma lasers opopa olimba a diode, kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri pa kafukufuku waposachedwa, wopatsa mphamvu komanso kuphatikizika kwambiri[3].
Malingaliro Aukadaulo mu Kupopa Mwachangu
Kuchita bwino kwa njira yopopera ndi gawo lofunikira pamapangidwe a laser, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito onse komanso kukwanira kwa ntchito. Mu ma lasers olimba, kusankha pakati pa ma tochi ndi ma diode a laser ngati gwero la mpope kumatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito, kuchuluka kwamafuta, komanso mtundu wa mtengo. Kupanga makina a laser diode amphamvu kwambiri, kwasintha kwambiri makina a laser a DPSS, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe ophatikizika komanso abwino kwambiri[4].
The Optical Cavity: Kupanga Beam Laser
Cavity Design: A Balancing Act of Physics and Engineering
Mphuno ya kuwala, kapena resonator, sikuti ndi gawo chabe koma ndi gawo lachangu popanga mtengo wa laser. Mapangidwe a patsekeke, kuphatikiza kupindika ndi kuyanika kwa magalasi, amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuzindikira kukhazikika, kapangidwe kake, ndi kutulutsa kwa laser. Mphunoyo iyenera kupangidwa kuti ipititse patsogolo kupindula kwa kuwala ndikuchepetsa kutayika, vuto lomwe limaphatikiza uinjiniya wamagetsi ndi ma wave Optics.5.
Oscillation Conditions ndi Kusankha Mode
Kuti laser oscillation ichitike, phindu loperekedwa ndi sing'anga liyenera kupitilira zotayika zomwe zili mkati mwake. Mkhalidwewu, wophatikizidwa ndi kufunikira kwa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a mafunde, zimatsimikizira kuti mitundu ina yautali yokha ndiyomwe imathandizidwa. Kutalikirana kwa ma mode ndi mawonekedwe ake onse amakhudzidwa ndi kutalika kwa thupi la chibowocho ndi index yowonekera ya sing'anga yopeza[6].
Mapeto
Mapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a makina a laser amaphatikiza mfundo zambiri za fizikisi ndi uinjiniya. Kuchokera kumakanika a quantum omwe amalamulira phindu lapakati mpaka ukadaulo wovuta kwambiri wa makina owoneka bwino, gawo lililonse la dongosolo la laser limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwake konse. Nkhaniyi yapereka chithunzithunzi cha dziko lovuta laukadaulo wa laser, lomwe limapereka zidziwitso zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kumvetsetsa kwapamwamba kwa mapulofesa ndi mainjiniya opanga magetsi m'munda.
Maumboni
- 1. Siegman, AE (1986). Ma laser. Mabuku a Sayansi Yakuyunivesite.
- 2. Svelto, O. (2010). Mfundo za Lasers. Springer.
- 3. Koechner, W. (2006). Solid-State Laser Engineering. Springer.
- 4. Piper, JA, & Mildren, RP (2014). Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers. Mu Handbook of Laser Technology ndi Applications (Vol. III). CRC Press.
- 5. Milonni, PW, & Eberly, JH (2010). Fiziki ya Laser. Wiley.
- 6. Silfvast, WT (2004). Zofunikira za Laser. Cambridge University Press.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-27-2023