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Ma Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLGs) apita patsogolo kwambiri kuyambira pomwe adakhazikitsidwa, akuchita gawo lofunika kwambiri pamayendedwe amakono komanso njira zoyendera. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za chitukuko, mfundo, ndi momwe ma RLG amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kuwonetsa kufunika kwawo mu njira zoyendera zopanda mphamvu komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera.
Ulendo Wakale wa Ma Gyroscope
Kuchokera ku Lingaliro Kupita ku Kuyenda Kwamakono
Ulendo wa ma gyroscope unayamba ndi kupangidwa kwa gyrocompass yoyamba mu 1908 ndi Elmer Sperry, wotchedwa "bambo wa ukadaulo wamakono woyendera," ndi Herman Anschütz-Kaempfe. Kwa zaka zambiri, ma gyroscope awona kusintha kwakukulu, zomwe zawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pakuyenda ndi mayendedwe. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kwathandiza ma gyroscope kupereka chitsogozo chofunikira pakukhazikitsa maulendo a ndege ndikulola ntchito zoyendetsa okha. Chiwonetsero chodziwika bwino cha Lawrence Sperry mu June 1914 chinawonetsa kuthekera kwa gyroscopic autopilot mwa kukhazikitsa ndege pamene iye anali m'chipinda chosungiramo ndege, zomwe zikusonyeza kupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo woyendetsa okha.
Kusintha kupita ku Ring Laser Gyroscopes
Kusinthaku kunapitirira pamene Macek ndi Davis anayambitsa gyroscope yoyamba ya ring laser mu 1963. Kapangidwe kameneka kanasintha kuchoka pa gyroscope ya makina kupita ku gyros ya laser, yomwe inali yolondola kwambiri, yosakonza bwino, komanso yotsika mtengo. Masiku ano, ring laser gyros, makamaka pa ntchito zankhondo, ikutsogolera msika chifukwa cha kudalirika kwawo komanso kugwira ntchito bwino m'malo omwe zizindikiro za GPS sizikugwira ntchito bwino.
Mfundo ya Ring Laser Gyroscopes
Kumvetsetsa Zotsatira za Sagnac
Ntchito yaikulu ya ma RLG ili mu kuthekera kwawo kudziwa komwe chinthu chili mu malo opanda kanthu. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu Sagnac effect, pomwe ring interferometer imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser komwe kumayenda mbali zosiyana kuzungulira njira yotsekedwa. Kapangidwe ka kusokoneza komwe kamapangidwa ndi kuwala kumeneku kamagwira ntchito ngati malo ofotokozera osasuntha. Kusuntha kulikonse kumasintha kutalika kwa njira ya kuwala kumeneku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka kusokoneza kukhale kofanana ndi liwiro la angular. Njira yanzeruyi imalola ma RLG kuyeza komwe kuli bwino kwambiri popanda kudalira zizindikiro zakunja.
Mapulogalamu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Panjira ndi Mayendedwe
Kusintha Machitidwe Oyendetsera Zinthu Mosafunikira (INS)
Ma RLG ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakupanga Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri potsogolera zombo, ndege, ndi ma drones m'malo omwe GPS simalola. Kapangidwe kake kakang'ono komanso kopanda kukangana kamawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotere, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale njira zodalirika komanso zolondola zoyendetsera.
Pulatifomu Yokhazikika vs. Strap-Down INS
Ukadaulo wa INS wasintha kuti uphatikizepo njira zokhazikika komanso zomangira. Njira yokhazikika ya INS, ngakhale kuti ndi yovuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso yotheka kuvala, imapereka magwiridwe antchito olimba kudzera mu kuphatikiza deta ya analog.Kumbali ina, makina a INS omwe amamangiriridwa ndi zingwe amapindula ndi kapangidwe ka ma RLG opapatiza komanso osasamalira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa ndege zamakono chifukwa cha mtengo wawo wotsika komanso kulondola kwawo.
Kupititsa patsogolo Kuyenda kwa Milipi
Ma RLG nawonso amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera zida zankhondo zanzeru. M'malo omwe GPS si yodalirika, ma RLG amapereka njira yodalirika yoyendetsera. Kukula kwawo kochepa komanso kukana mphamvu zoopsa kumapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo ndi zipolopolo zankhondo, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi machitidwe monga Tomahawk cruise missile ndi M982 Excalibur.
Chithunzi cha chitsanzo cha nsanja yokhazikika ya inertial ya gimbale pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira. Mwachilolezo cha Engineering 360.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-01-2024