Nkhani - sensa ya dTOF: Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi zigawo zazikulu.

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Ukadaulo wa Direct Time-of-Flight (dTOF) ndi njira yatsopano yoyezera molondola nthawi ya kuuluka kwa kuwala, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC). Ukadaulo uwu ndi wofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kuzindikira pafupi ndi magetsi mpaka makina apamwamba a LiDAR mu ntchito zamagalimoto. Pakati pake, makina a dTOF ali ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti mtunda uli wolondola.

mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya sensa ya dtof

Zigawo Zazikulu za Machitidwe a dTOF

Dalaivala wa Laser ndi Laser

Dalaivala wa laser, gawo lofunika kwambiri la dera lotumizira, amapanga zizindikiro za digito zoyendetsera mpweya kuti ziwongolere kutulutsa kwa laser kudzera mu MOSFET switching.Ma Laser Otulutsa Zinthu Pamwamba Oyimirira(VCSELs), amakondedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo ochepa, mphamvu zambiri, luso lawo losinthasintha mwachangu, komanso kusakanikirana mosavuta. Kutengera ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ma wavelength a 850nm kapena 940nm amasankhidwa kuti agwirizane pakati pa ma solar spectrum absorption peaks ndi sensor quantum efficiency.

Kutumiza ndi Kulandira Ma Optics

Kumbali yotumizira, lenzi yosavuta yowala kapena kuphatikiza magalasi ozungulira ndi Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) zimatsogolera kuwala kwa laser kudutsa gawo lofunikira la mawonekedwe. Ma optics olandira, omwe cholinga chake ndi kusonkhanitsa kuwala mkati mwa gawo lofunikira la mawonekedwe, amapindula ndi magalasi okhala ndi manambala otsika a F ndi kuwala kwakukulu, pamodzi ndi zosefera za narrowband kuti athetse kusokoneza kwa kuwala kwina.

Masensa a SPAD ndi SiPM

Ma diode a avalanche a single-photon (SPAD) ndi ma Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma dTOF system. Ma SPAD amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwawo kuyankha ma photon amodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti avalanche igwire bwino ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito photon imodzi yokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri poyesa molondola kwambiri. Komabe, kukula kwawo kwakukulu kwa ma pixel poyerekeza ndi ma CMOS sensors achikhalidwe kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa ma dTOF systems.

Chosinthira cha Time-to-Digital (TDC)

Dongosolo la TDC limamasulira zizindikiro za analog kukhala zizindikiro za digito zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi nthawi, zomwe zimagwira nthawi yeniyeni yomwe kugunda kwa photon kulikonse kumajambulidwa. Kulondola kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri podziwa malo a chinthu chomwe chikufunidwa kutengera histogram ya kugunda kolembedwa.

Kufufuza Ma Parameter a DTOF Performance

Kuzindikira ndi Kulondola

Kuzindikira kwa dTOF system kumapitilira mpaka momwe kuwala kwake kungayendere ndikubwereranso ku sensa, komwe kumazindikirika bwino ndi phokoso. Pa zamagetsi zamagetsi, cholinga chake nthawi zambiri chimakhala mkati mwa 5m, pogwiritsa ntchito ma VCSEL, pomwe mapulogalamu agalimoto angafunike kuzindikira kwa 100m kapena kuposerapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana monga ma EEL kapenama laser a ulusi.

Dinani apa kuti mudziwe zambiri za malonda

Malo Osasinthasintha Kwambiri

Kuchuluka kwa ma pulse otulutsidwa popanda kusinthasintha kumadalira nthawi yomwe laser imadutsa komanso kuchuluka kwa ma modulation. Mwachitsanzo, ndi ma modulation frequency a 1MHz, kuchuluka kosasinthasintha kumatha kufika mamita 150.

Kulondola ndi Cholakwika

Kulondola kwa machitidwe a dTOF kumadalira kukula kwa pulse ya laser, pomwe zolakwika zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika kosiyanasiyana m'zigawo, kuphatikiza dalaivala wa laser, yankho la sensa ya SPAD, ndi kulondola kwa dera la TDC. Njira monga kugwiritsa ntchito SPAD yofotokozera zingathandize kuchepetsa zolakwika izi pokhazikitsa maziko a nthawi ndi mtunda.

Phokoso ndi Kukana Kusokoneza

Makina a dTOF ayenera kulimbana ndi phokoso lakumbuyo, makamaka m'malo owala kwambiri. Njira monga kugwiritsa ntchito ma pixel angapo a SPAD okhala ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana ya attenuation zingathandize kuthana ndi vutoli. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa dTOF kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuwonekera mwachindunji ndi kuchulukitsa kumawonjezera kulimba kwake motsutsana ndi kusokonezedwa.

Kuthetsa Malo ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu

Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa masensa a SPAD, monga kusintha kuchokera ku njira zowunikira kutsogolo (FSI) kupita ku njira zowunikira kumbuyo (BSI), kwasintha kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa photon komanso magwiridwe antchito a masensa. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku, kuphatikiza ndi momwe machitidwe a dTOF amayendera, kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu igwiritsidwe ntchito pang'ono poyerekeza ndi machitidwe a mafunde osalekeza monga iTOF.

Tsogolo la Ukadaulo wa dTOF

Ngakhale kuti pali zopinga zambiri zaukadaulo komanso ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ukadaulo wa dTOF, ubwino wake pakulondola, mtunda, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu kumapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mtsogolo m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Pamene ukadaulo wa masensa ndi kapangidwe ka magetsi zikupitilizabe kusintha, machitidwe a dTOF akukonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zikuyendetsa zatsopano zamagetsi zamagetsi, chitetezo chamagalimoto, ndi zina zotero.

Kuchokera patsamba lawebusayiti02.02 TOF系统第二章 dTOF系统 - 超光 Mofulumira kuposa kuwala (faster-than-light.net)
ndi wolemba: Chao Guang

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