Mu chilengezo chachikulu patsiku la Okutobala 3, 2023, mphotho ya Nobel mu 2023 inali itavumbulutsidwa, pozindikira zopereka zabwino za ukadaulo atatu omwe achita upainiya wa a Closecond laser laser.

Mawu oti "artofecond laser" amachokera ku nthawi yake kuchokera nthawi yochepa kwambiri imagwira ntchito modabwitsa, makamaka mu dongosolo la aatosekond, lolingana ndi 10 ^ -18 masekondi. Kuti mumvetse tanthauzo lalikulu laukadaulo uwu, kumvetsetsa kofunikira kwambiri kwa zomwe andiikidwe kumatanthauza. ACTOODCON imayima ngati mphindi yochulukirapo ya nthawi, kupanga mabiliyoni a biliyoni a chachiwiri mkati mwa gawo lalikulu la sekondi imodzi. Kuti tilingalire izi, ngati tingayerekeze chachiwiri kuphiri lalikulu, a Stonekond ikanakhala yofanana ndi njere imodzi yamchenga yomwe inagwedezeka paphiri. Munthawi yayitali iyi kanthawi, ngakhale kuwala sikungathe kuyenda mtunda wofanana ndi kukula kwa atomu. Kudzera mu kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Artlizandcond, asayansi amapeza kuthekera kosagwirizana ndi ma elekitoni mkati mwa ma atomu.

Asowakuyimira chitsirizo cha kafukufuku wambiri ndikuyesayesa kwa asayansi, omwe adakhazikitsa mfundo za osagwirizana ndi ma cufter oyendetsa. A APRAY yatipatsa malo okhala ndi malo owonetsera bwino ndikuwunika mwamphamvu njira zamphamvu zomwe zimapangitsa maatomu, mamolekyulo, ngakhale ma elekitoni olimba.

Kuti mumvetsetse zadeder a Spoosecond lasers ndipo muyamikire mikhalidwe yawo yosagwirizana poyerekeza ndi lasers wamba, ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze m'magulu awo mkati mwa "banja la laser." Kugawika ndi Hiplength Kondosectond Lasers makamaka mkati mwa ma ultraviolet mpaka ma frequen ofewa a X-ray, kuwonetsa momwe amaperekera mipata yam'madzi mosiyana ndi ma laser wamba. Potengera mitundu yotulutsa, a Sportcond Lasers amagwera pansi pa gulu la ma Lasers, omwe amadziwika ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kujambula fanizo la kumveka bwino, lomwe limatha kusintha mapiri osasunthika ngati chinsalu chowoneka bwino kwambiri, pomwe malalanje amafanana ndi kuwala kwa ntchent, kumasinthasintha pakati pa nthawi yakuwunikira ndi mdima. Mwakutero, a SpercondCond Source akuwonetsa machitidwe am'maso mkati mwa malowo ndi mdimawo umawonekera modabwitsa, kufikira malo azolowera.

Kuphatikizanso gulu lina lamphamvu lamphamvu lasers kukhala mphamvu zochepa, mphamvu, komanso mabatani apamwamba kwambiri. A Sportcond Lasers amapeza mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Ngakhale munthu aliyense wa amer a Sersecond sangakhale ndi mphamvu zambiri (W), zofupikirapo nthawi yayitali (T) zimawapatsa ndi mphamvu yokwezeka.

Pankhani yamagulu a ntchito, a Lasers adatenga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azachipatala, ndi asayansi. A Spoosecond Lasebond amapeza Niche yawo mkati mwa kafukufuku wa asayansi, makamaka pakufufuza zinthu mofulumira, ndikupanga zenera m'mayendedwe a microcosmic.

Garseriation ndi laser mejini amalemba ma lasers ngati Lasers la gasi, lasers olimba-boma, lasers amadzimadzi, ndi a Semictuctor Lasers. M'badwo wa nyimbo za buluzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma distus a laser, apilala pazinthu zosagwirizana ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa ma harimonics.

Kutalemba, a Showcondcond Lasers amapanga kalasi yapadera ya malalanje achidule, omwe amadziwika ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri, amayesedwa m'matope. Zotsatira zake, akhala zida zofunika kwambiri zowonera komanso kuwongolera njira za ma electronan mkati mwa ma atomu, mamolekyulu, komanso zida zolimba.

Njira yosinthira ya asteosecond laser

Katswiri ukadaulo wa laserfoondcond lasercond amayimirira patsogolo pa asayansi akutsogolera za asayansi. Kuti tilembe zingwe zapadera la Assercond laser, timayamba mwachidule mfundo zake zowoneka bwino, kutsatiridwa ndi fanizo lowoneka bwino lomwe limachokera pakukumana ndi zomwe zidachitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Owerenga omwe akukhudzidwa mu zovuta za fizikisi yoyenera sayenera kutaya mtima, chifukwa chotsatira chotsatira chomwe chimafuna kupereka chizolowezi chokhazikitsa zisudzo za adesers omwe amapezeka.

Njira ya Mudzi wa Assoticond Lasers makamaka amadalira mwaluso potchedwa Mbadwo Wapamwamba wa Harmoni (HHG). Choyamba, mtengo wokwera kwambiri wa femtosecond (10 ^ -1 -15 masekondi) laser amalunjika mwamphamvu pazinthu zolimba. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti femtosecond Lasers, anching to lasercond Lasers, agawane ndi zomwe muli nazo zazifupi ndi mphamvu yayikulu. Mothandizidwa ndi ma elekitironi a Laser, ma atomu a ma gasi amasulidwe kwakanthawi kuchokera ku zigawo zawo za atomiki, mozizwitsa kulowa mkhalidwe wa ma elekitoni aulere. Monga ma elekitironi awa oscilictor poyankha munda wa laser, amabwereranso kukabwezera ndi kholo lawo la atomiki, ndikupanga mayiko atsopano.

Panthawi imeneyi, ma elekitilo amayenda mtunda wautali kwambiri, ndipo pobwerera ndi zigawo za atomiki, amatulutsa mphamvu zina mu mawonekedwe apamwamba, owonetsera ngati makope amphamvu kwambiri.

Makonda a zithunzi zopangidwa mwatsopanozi ndi zochulukirapo za kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoyambirira, ndikupanga zomwe zimatchedwa ma harimonics apamwamba kwambiri, pomwe "ma harmictics" amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa pafupipafupi. Kuti akonzekere ku SASECOMCCOMB, ndikofunikira kungofafanizira ndi kuyang'ana ma harimonics apamwamba kwambiri, kusankha ma harimonics apadera ndikuwalimbikitsa kuti azikhala pamalo ena. Ngati mungafune njira zosiyidwa ndi zopondera zitha kufotokozerani nthawi yopumira, yokolola yayifupi kwambiri munthawi ya buluzi. Mwachionekere, m'badwo wa a Roboosekond amapanga njira zofananira komanso zodziwika bwino, kufunsa kuchuluka kwa luso laukadaulo komanso zida zapadera.

Kuthana ndi vutoli, timapereka kufanana kofanana ndi zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku:

Kukula kwambiri kwa fodya kumapukutira:

Kulingalira zokhala ndi zikopa zapamwamba zomwe zimatha kuponderezana mwachangu mothamanga kwambiri, omwe amachitika ku gawo lomwe laseweredwa kwambiri la femtosecond laser.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri:

Yerekezerani kuti muli ndi madzi ochepetsa thupi lomwe limayimira zinthu zomwe zikuchitika, pomwe malo amtundu uliwonse amaimira ma atomu am'kati. Action of Proplung miyala yamadzi iyi imayenda magalasi ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri-femtosecond laser amapukutira pazinthu zoyambira.

Kusuntha kwa electron ndikubwezeretsanso (kusinthika kwa thupi):

Pamene femtotond laser amasokoneza maatomu am'masigalasi mkati mwazinthu zotsogola, ma elekitoni ambiri amasangalala ndi boma pomwe amasankha kuchokera ku Nativesie ya atomiki ya atomiki, ndikupanga dziko lofanana ndi plasma. Monga mphamvu ya dongosolo pambuyo pake imachepetsa (popeza mazira a laser amakodwa, ndi ma elekitala a sabata), ma elekitironi akunja awa abwerera kufupi ndi nyukiliya, amatulutsa zithunzi zamphamvu zapamwamba.

Mbadwo Wapamwamba Kwambiri:

Tangoganizirani nthawi iliyonse dontho lamadzi ligwerani kunyanjayi, limapanga ziphuphu, monga magwiridwe antchito apamwamba munthawi ya Spotolond Lasers. Izi ziphuphuzi zimakhala ndi maulendo apamwamba komanso ma amprepredies kuposa oyambira oyamba omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutentha koyambirira kwa ma femptoosecond. Nthawi ya HHG, mtengo wa laser yamphamvu, amakongoletsa mosalekeza, amawunikira chandamale cha gasi, chofanana ndi nyanjayo. Munda wa Laser wosefukira umatsogolera ma 5. Nthawi iliyonse ikamagetsi ibwerera ku atomu, imatulutsa mtengo watsopano wa laser ndi ma frequency, anching kuti akwaniritse mitundu yambiri yamiyala.

Kusefa ndi kuyang'ana:

Kuphatikiza mitengo yonse yoseweretsa yomwe imapangidwa kumene imatulutsa mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana (mafayilo kapena mafunde ena), zina zomwe zimapanga laser. Kupatula mitundu ya Ruble ndi maulendo ang'onoang'ono, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito fayilo yapadera, kuteteza komwe mukufuna, ndikugwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsa kuti muwayang'ane padera linalake.

Kuphatikizika kwamphamvu (ngati kuli kotheka):

Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa ziphuphu mwachangu komanso zazifupi, mutha kuthamangitsa kufalitsa kwawo pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera, kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chilichonse. M'badwo wa Assotiomekond lasers umakhudza kutanthauzira kovuta. Komabe, zikasokonekera ndikuwoneka m'maganizo, zimakhala zomveka.